What is madder
Madder (popularly known as crapp) is a perennial herbaceous plant that can be found in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, and the Crimea.
The plant got its name because of the red pigment contained in the root system. Madder was first used in industry for dyeing fabrics (wool, linen, cotton).
The popular name for madder is krapp.
Both the aerial part of madder and the root have healing properties. But in the treatment of urolithiasis in cats, it is the rhizomes that are used, which are quite powerful in this plant.
To treat urolithiasis in cats, preparations based on madder roots are used.
Medicinal properties of the plant
Madder has a complex of medicinal properties that are useful specifically for the functioning of the urinary system:
- bactericidal - has a detrimental effect on various types of cocci (spherical bacteria);
- anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic - relieves pain that occurs when small stones and sand move through the ureters;
- diuretic - activates the process of urination, helping to wash out small stones.
Madder also affects oxalate and phosphate stones, helping to soften and crush them.
Chemical composition of madder
The root system of the plant contains the following substances:
- acids: citric - improves metabolic processes in cells;
- wine - helps normalize digestion;
- apple - regulates metabolic processes in the body;
- ascorbic acid - lowers the level of uric acid in the body, protects cells from damage.
Forms of release of the drug
The drug can be purchased at a regular pharmacy. Madder is available in different forms:
- Pills. Packed in blister and cardboard box. Packaging: 10–60 pieces. One tablet contains 250 mg of active substance (madder dry extract). The tablets are round in shape and have a line in the middle. The color can vary from light to dark brown with patches, a pinkish tint is possible. The price for a package of 10 tablets is from 60 rubles.
- Drops. A more convenient form for use and dosing of the drug. Available in a 50 ml plastic bottle, packed in a cardboard box. The drug costs about 200 rubles.
- Chopped root. This is the raw material for preparing medicinal infusions and decoctions. The root is packaged in 50 g packets in paper or plastic bags. The drug costs from 50 rubles.
- Herbal tea. Contains tea bags for brewing in a mug. 20 filter bags are packed in a cardboard box. Its cost is about 120 rubles.
The drug is produced for humans and is sold in regular pharmacies. But it has also found its application in veterinary medicine. For cats, tablets are most often used or infusions and decoctions are prepared from the crushed root.
Photo gallery: madder preparations in different release forms
Madder drops help dissolve calcium oxalates
Tablets containing extract of madder are the most common form of the drug used in the treatment of cats. Infusions and decoctions are prepared from the crushed roots of madder.
It is convenient to brew herbal tea in a mug, but it is more difficult to dose for cats
Composition and pharmacological characteristics
Madder is available in tablets. which are packaged in blister packs. One pack can contain from ten to sixty tablets, each of which weighs 250 mg. They have a mark in the middle, brown or light brown color and inclusions.
Each tablet contains dry madder extract and additional elements:
- croscarmellose sodium;
- calcium stearate;
- milk sugar (lactose);
- collodion silicon dioxide;
- potato starch.
Madder has a unique ability to soften, destroy, dissolve and remove almost all types of stones from the body. It has antispasmodic, astringent, choleretic, diaphoretic and diuretic properties. In this regard, it can be used to treat:
- urolithiasis;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- cholelithiasis;
- gout;
- pyelitis;
- polyarthritis;
- hepatitis A;
- rickets;
- bedwetting;
- constipation
We suggest you familiarize yourself with: Drops on the withers against worms for cats. Broad-spectrum anti-worm medications
An infusion of madder roots can be used as a diuretic and laxative, for inflammation of the spleen and for delayed menstruation.
Decoctions from the roots are used to remove salts from the joints of the hands and feet, for polyarthritis and osteochondrosis.
Experts prescribe tablets based on madder for the following conditions and diseases:
- To facilitate the passage of small stones, sand and reduce spasms during urolithiasis.
- If it is not possible to perform surgical intervention for renal nephrourolithiasis.
- For the treatment of urinary tract infections.
- With inflammatory phosphaturia.
- Before surgery.
- To prevent relapses after surgery.
Madder root contains: protein, citric, malic, tartaric, ascorbic acids. All these substances are capable of dissolving stones in the kidneys and gall bladder and removing them from the body.
Madder tablets extract
Folk remedies: decoctions, infusions, powders.
Indications for use for cats
Madder extract is used to treat urinary tract diseases in cats. This is usually accompanied by the following symptoms:
- increased frequency of urination, with little urine being released (sometimes just a few drops);
- the appearance of impurities in the urine (blood, pus, sand);
- cloudy urine (contains impurities that are not visible to the human eye);
- increased body temperature (above 39 degrees);
- lack of appetite, lethargy.
Video: urolithiasis in cats
ICD in a cat
The term urolithiasis or urolithiasis by doctors refers to the formation of urinary stones (or sand) in the kidneys, bladder or their retention in the lumen of the ureters and urethra. Urinary stones occur in all domestic animals, but are more common in cats and dogs. The chemical composition of such stones is very diverse, for example, they may include uric acid, urates, oxalates, carbonates, phosphates, cystine, xanthine, etc. Along with this, the number of stones formed in the urinary organs ranges from one to one hundred or more. Their size also varies widely (from a millet grain to the size of a large walnut). Etiology What causes the formation of such stones? Unfortunately, there cannot be a clear answer to this question. However, today it has been established that possible predisposing factors for the appearance of insoluble compounds in urine are: genetic predisposition, animal diet, lifestyle (immobility, obesity), infectious agents, systemic diseases. In addition, domestic cats, descended from desert ancestors, easily maintain fluid balance in the body. This reflects their ability to produce highly concentrated urine. This exceptional ability may be a major factor in their development of urolithiasis. It should be noted that in cats the diameter of the urethral lumen is more than three times smaller than in cats. This causes more frequent clinical manifestations of urolithiasis. Uroliths can form in urine under the following conditions: 1. Chemical components of uroliths are present in the urine in concentrations exceeding the possibility of their dissolution, which contributes to the loss of crystals that collect in microstones. 2. A certain pH of urine, often alkaline. 3. The formation of crystals must occur quickly enough so that they cannot be washed out by the separated urine from the urinary tract. 4. The presence of a nucleus (matrix) for the formation of crystals, which can be cell remains, foreign bodies, bacteria and, possibly, viruses. 5. Bacterial flora may predispose to some forms of urolithiasis, because. It is during the life processes of organisms that insoluble mineral compounds are actively synthesized. Clinical symptoms Symptoms of urolithiasis depend on the shape, size and location of the stones. The disease may not manifest itself externally if the stones do not clog the lumens of the urethral canal and do not have sharp edges that would cause mechanical damage to the mucous membrane. Sometimes, when carrying out visual diagnostic methods, large stones were found in animals, more than two centimeters in diameter. The formation time of such a stone is at least one and a half years. However, during this period no complaints or signs of illness were observed. Urolithiasis in cats manifests itself only when there is difficulty urinating, in which the animal strains, often takes an appropriate position, and urine is released in a very weak stream, often with blood, at times interrupted or completely stopped. Urine often contains fine sand. Diagnostics When making a diagnosis, the veterinarian takes into account clinical signs, the results of a survey of the animal owners, laboratory tests of urine, and without fail carries out x-ray and ultrasound examinations, because similar symptoms can occur: when the lumen of the urethra is compressed by a tumor, inflammatory edema, and blood in the urine and pain can occur with acute cystitis, hemolysis, etc. Urolithiasis: treatment Treatment of the disease in question comes down to the following principles: 1. Relieving the acute condition and restoring the outflow of urine. To do this, it is necessary to remove stone or sand from the urethra with a catheter and rinse the lumen of the urethra with an antiseptic solution (done under general anesthesia). In advanced cases, doctors are forced to resort to urethrostomy surgery (creation of an artificial outlet channel to the area of obstruction). Even more difficult is abdominal surgery - cystotomy, the purpose of which is the complete removal of large uroliths (the diameter of which is larger than the lumen of the urethra) from the bladder. 2. After restoring the outflow of urine, infusion therapy (drip) is necessary during the first few days in order to restore water-electrolyte balance and relieve intoxication. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial therapy is also carried out (up to two weeks). 3. After stabilization of the condition, lifelong prevention is mandatory: diet therapy - medicinal food, if necessary, antibiotic therapy, herbal medicine (diuretics, etc.), as well as regular medical examination: urine analysis and ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder. In each case, treatment is selected individually, taking into account gender, age, type of animal, degree of damage, presence of concomitant diseases, and must necessarily be based on detailed diagnostics. The most correct approach to the problem of urinary stones is the prevention of this pathology. For this purpose, the conditions for feeding and watering the animal are improved. Avoid prolonged use of monotonous foods rich in salts (fish, milk, various seafood, mineral supplements, etc.), as well as hard drinking water. The diet is enriched with vitamins, and when feeding a pet dry food, food marked “for castrated animals” or “for the prevention of urolithiasis” is used. We recommend that owners be more attentive to the health of their pets and respond quickly when unwanted symptoms appear, thereby preventing the development of a serious pathology that requires serious intervention.
Madder for cats
Instructions for use and dosage of madder for the treatment of cats
Treatment of urolithiasis is a complex process that requires a set of measures. It must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. Therefore, independent use of madder for your pet is highly not recommended.
The use of madder depends on the specific form of the drug.
The drug is approved for use in kittens from 1 month of age.
Pills
Madder tablets are most often purchased for the treatment of cats:
- The tablet is divided into 4 parts.
- 1/4 is crushed, diluted in 25 ml of boiled water.
- Draw the resulting solution into a syringe without a needle at the rate of 1 ml per 1 kg of pet’s weight.
- The drug is poured from a syringe into the pet’s mouth 2 times a day before meals.
- The course of treatment is 1–2 months. Improvements in the condition are usually noticeable starting from the 3rd day of treatment.
In case of a complex course of the disease (for example, when there is no urination at all), an intensive course of therapy is carried out. The drug is calculated at 2 ml per 1 kg of weight, and is given to the cat 4 times a day. This dosage and frequency continue for 4 days, after which they switch to the standard regimen.
Video: how to give liquid medicine to a cat
How to prepare and use decoction and infusion
To prepare a decoction, crushed roots of the plant are used:
- 1 tbsp. l. roots are poured with a glass of boiling water.
- Keep on low heat for 10 minutes.
- Take 10 ml from the resulting decoction and dilute it with 100 ml of boiled water.
- The cat is given 2 ml 2 times a day before meals.
The drug is given to the cat from a syringe without a needle.
You can also prepare an infusion. It is recommended to make it from madder root powder:
- 1 teaspoon of powder is poured into a glass of cold water and left for 8 hours.
- Then it is filtered, the resulting liquid is set aside, and the sediment is poured again, but with a glass of boiling water for 15 minutes.
- Strain and mix both resulting liquids in one container.
- The dosage and regimen are identical to the decoction.
Instructions and price
Madder is used in several variations. These are tablets, drops, decoction, infusion and powder. Let's consider the application features in each option . The best way to give red madder is decided depending on the situation and the recommendations of the veterinarian.
Pills
Used to facilitate the removal of stones. The drug is produced in packages of 10 or 20 tablets. The average price is 70 rubles, depending on the pharmacy. The tablets themselves are brown.
Directions for use: Most often, take a quarter of a tablet. Grind it in a container and dissolve it in boiled water. One tablespoon is enough. The solution is given 3 times a day at the rate of 1 ml per 1 kg of animal body. Use a syringe without a needle, open the pet’s mouth and pour in the solution.
The mixture is prepared once every 2 days . Improvement occurs within 3-5 days. The course of treatment is 1-2 months without breaks. They threaten complications.
If the cat's condition is poor, then it is advisable to increase the dosage. For every kilogram, give 20 ml of solution. Give it 3-4 times a day for 4-5 days. Then they move on to standard dosages.
Drops
This form of madder is used less frequently and has some peculiarities. Firstly , 20 drops of the drug are diluted in 150 ml of boiled water. Secondly , treatment lasts no more than a month. Other details should be checked with your veterinarian. In general, there is no difference between drops and tablets, except for the price.
Decoction
An option for owners who do not trust modern drugs and have the opportunity to prepare madder live. How to give a decoction to a cat?
For this you will need the roots of the plant. Fill one part of the roots with 200 ml of boiled water. If desired, you can prepare a powder from them. You will need 1 tablespoon of the plant. Next, take 10 ml of the decoction and dilute it in 100 ml of boiled water, which has been cooled to room temperature.
Give the cat the prepared decoction through a syringe 2 times a day after meals. Morning and evening for 2-3 weeks.
Infusion
An alternative option for the fight against urolithiasis in cats . Judging by the reviews of the owners, the preparation scheme looks like this.
Take 200 ml of boiled water and pour in one teaspoon of powder or prepared plant roots. Keep the solution at room temperature for 8 hours. We make a paper filter and strain the liquid without throwing away the roots. Pour 200 ml of cold boiling water over them, leave for 15 minutes, and filter again.
Mix the liquids after the first and second filtration. We give the infusion 2 times a day.
ATTENTION! Certain components that make up madder have a negative effect on tooth enamel. You should be extremely careful; it is better to use a syringe without a needle and pour the solution into the animal’s mouth.
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Contraindications and side effects
Side effects include allergic reactions. During treatment, urine may turn pink, which is normal. But if the urine turns brown, then the dosage of the drug should be reduced, and if the symptom does not go away even after that, it should be discontinued.
Contraindications for use are:
- glomerulonephritis both in the chronic phase and in the acute stage;
- renal failure;
- stomach ulcer;
- lactase deficiency;
- allergy to the drug;
- period of pregnancy and lactation in cats.
Owner reviews
Since May, we have lived not for ourselves, but just to prevent the cat from dying. Lots of money for various medications, procedures, catheters, the torment of the cat and our hysterics, because it is impossible to look at all this calmly. Probably as a reward for her efforts, my mother came across a forum, where she learned about the properties of madder. There was nothing to lose, so I started giving the cat water. The cat recorded himself for the first time in 2.5 months!!!! First in small puddles, then more and more. Now almost all the urine is coming out. I can’t even believe that after so much time and medications that didn’t help, the herb helped and so quickly.
Two years ago, my cat fell ill with urolithiasis, and half a year later my second cat fell ill. We did everything possible. Ultrasound, all tests, changed the diet of porridge, meat, baby food, mineral water for drinking, cyston medicine, no-spa, etc. The symptoms were like everyone else, painful urination, urinary retention, cloudy urine, blood in urine, they practically did not part with the catheter. In general, nothing helped, my heart broke looking at how my pets were suffering, and I couldn’t help in any way until one person, a doctor from a military hospital, advised me to use a very good medicine - madder extract. For my pets, the first improvements came after 4 days, and for a year and a half now everything has been fine with us, there has not been a single relapse.
I would prefer madder in its homeopathic form, but in decimal (low dilutions) 1X - 3X. , when the material content of madder is still quite noticeable, but there is very little of it there. You can make this drug yourself. Since you are unlikely to find such a low dilution in a homeopathic pharmacy. 1 tbsp. Brew a spoon into a glass of boiling water. Then take 10 ml of the decoction and dilute it with 100 ml of boiled water. Give the animal 2 ml of this solution 2 times a day for 2 weeks.
Madder is a good drug. But if you dilute it and pour it into your mouth for a month, your tooth enamel will loosen. People swallow it whole, without holding it in their mouth, but the cat will resist and try to “spit it out.” Therefore, it is better to divide it in “dry” form and into the root of the tongue. Next, pour in some water.
We tried a lot, but MARENA KRASIILNAYA really helped us. I found it on my own, as a result of long wanderings on the Internet, collecting information bit by bit. Of course, everything has been agreed upon with the doctor; self-medication is out of the question. The stones dissolved and came out as sand. After a couple of months, the tests were perfect. I have been feeding her cat for over a year, in courses, since the peculiarity of the cat’s metabolism is such that stones form again. So far it has not been possible to correct it. We have oxalates. After taking madder, a few days later the sand begins to intensively come off, I see quite clearly that there are ways. Probably, its effect is not equally effective in all cases, but you can try. If done carefully and under control, there will be no harm, for sure.
Madder has long been used to treat urolithiasis in animals, although this drug was created for humans. But treatment of a pet should only be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. During the therapy process, do not forget about the pet’s compliance with the diet and other recommendations of the veterinarian.
User reviews
You can leave your reviews about madder for treating cats, they will be useful to other users of the site!
Venus
My cat's condition was serious. No drugs, injections, even a catheter helped him, the animal could not write, the cause of the condition was stones. The cat meowed pitifully, looked into my eyes, as if asking for help, the poor animal was in pain.
A friend advised giving the cat madder tablets. I decided to try it, bought it at a regular pharmacy, and administered it according to the instructions for use.
A day later, urine began to come out. First a very small amount, then a little more. Gradually the amount of urine increased. I didn’t even believe that my furry friend was saved.
Great drug!
Kira
My mother-in-law took madder; she has kidney problems. When our cat developed symptoms of urolithiasis, she said that we could give our pet the same tablets. I didn’t believe it, but I read the instructions for the medicine, consulted with a veterinarian and began to give it in a small dose.
I divided the tablets into four parts, took one and dissolved it in a glass of water. I gave the cat water using a syringe. The results were very good, urination returned to normal 3 days after the first use. The cat began to eat and sleep. The drug helped to avoid serious interventions. Continued
give a solution of dry extract for about 20 days to maintain the result.
I advise cat owners to use this natural and effective product!
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Madder for the treatment of cats
The healing herb madder for the treatment of cats with diseases of the urinary system is used quite successfully and effectively in veterinary practice.
Madder extract is extracted from the roots and rhizomes of the plant. The unique composition contained in the roots helps to crush and remove kidney stones. The dry extract of the plant eliminates smooth muscle spasms and activates the diuretic process. Promotes the destruction of stones consisting of particles of magnesium and calcium.
The dry extract has a strong diuretic and antispasmodic effect. After taking the tablets, the frequency of urination increases, and at the same time cloudiness of the urine is recorded, which is explained by the release of destroyed stones or sand.
Medicinal properties of the plant
Today, this natural dye is more used as a medicine in modern medicine due to its pronounced litholytic, diuretic and antispasmodic effects.
Due to its amazing properties, medicinal forms of madder loosen phosphate, urate and oxolate salt deposits (calculi) in the kidneys.
They also contribute to the painless removal of their breakdown products from the body, enhancing contractions of the muscles of the urinary tract.
They exhibit moderate bactericidal properties against pathogens of gonococcal infections. Salts are washed away from synovial joints (gout, radiculitis, osteochondrosis).
Madder is also characterized by antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Resists the development of secondary bacterial infection in chronic inflammation of the genitourinary system.
Chemical composition of the plant
The root of the plant contains:
- malic, tartaric and citric acids;
- sugar;
- proteins;
- vitamin C;
- pectin substances;
- anthraquinones.
In the above-ground part of madder there are:
- carbohydrates;
- coumarins;
- flavonoids;
- routine
The underground part of the plant is used for medicinal purposes. Useful elements are preserved if the plant is collected and prepared correctly, according to the requirements. Harvesting roots should be done in early spring or late autumn. The roots are dried at a temperature of 45 degrees.
Action
The active components of the plant have a bactericidal effect and are effective against coccal bacteria. The plant helps to enhance peristaltic contractions of the muscles of the renal pelvis and ureters. Over time, the components of madder destroy urates in the kidneys and bladder and help eliminate them naturally.
Using the plant increases stomach acidity.
Madder activates the water-salt balance in the body of cats, relieves pain in the kidneys during urination, and promotes the promotion of urinary stones.
The use of this plant replaces certain medical procedures.
A few hours after consuming madder, the color of the urine turns red. This change lasts throughout the day.
Dosage and instructions for use
To treat cats, you need to take regular tablets produced for humans. The dose is determined according to the weight of the pet (1 ml per 1 kg of weight). It is recommended to take a quarter of one tablet for adults, and for a kitten the dose is a sixth of a tablet.
The medicine is diluted in a small amount of water (25 ml). The water should be boiled and cooled to room temperature.
The resulting solution should be given to a sick pet in the morning and evening. To accurately determine the amount, use a syringe with the needle removed.
When the cat’s disease is chronic or in the acute phase, the dose is doubled. When the escalation of the disease is overcome, you need to return to the original dose.
The duration of treatment is at least 30 days, in some cases 2 months, to avoid relapses.
It is not recommended to stop treatment or reduce the dose of medication arbitrarily, as the disease may worsen again.
A fresh solution of madder tablets is prepared at least once every 2 days.
It is normal for an animal’s urine to turn red after taking the medication. If the color of the urine becomes brown, this indicates an increased dose for the pet and an urgent need to adjust the daily dose. When, after reducing the dose, the color of the urine does not acquire a lighter shade, you should stop using the drug.
Basically, the first signs of improvement are recorded on the fifth day after starting to take the solution.
Urolithiasis in cats and kittens
Our beloved pets: cats and kittens, unfortunately, suffer from urolithiasis. Sand or stones form in the kidneys or bladder. They can become lodged in the ureters and urethra.
Your pet's kidneys begin to suffer from hypothermia
The causes of the disease are many factors:
- poor nutrition;
- improper watering (unclean water);
- genetic predisposition;
- infectious diseases;
- lack of vitamins.
Males are more likely than cats to suffer from urolithiasis. This is due to the fact that males have a narrower urethra than females. At risk are long-haired cats and neutered cats.
Madder cinquefoil
The medicine is available in tablets for people. Due to its effective medicinal properties, it is widely used in veterinary medicine. Along with other procedures and veterinary prescriptions, this herb has a highly effective effect in the treatment of urolithiasis in cats. Judging by the reviews of animal owners, their cats were saved only with the extract of this plant.
I will tell you how to treat our beloved sick pets.
At a regular pharmacy we buy madder in tablets. Take 1/4 of the tablet and dilute it in 25 ml of warm water. The water must be boiled. We give at the rate of 1 ml of solution per 1 kg of cat’s weight. It is more convenient to feed your pet from a syringe without a needle. The prepared solution can be used for no more than 1 day. Drink 2 times a day: morning and evening. The results of treatment are noticeable within 3–5 days.
If the cat's condition is severe, double the dose of medication.
The course of treatment is 1 – 2 months depending on the pet’s condition.
The color of the animal's urine may change from yellow to reddish. Don't be alarmed, it's okay. After all, it is called dyeing, since it is a natural dye.
If your cat’s urine has acquired a dark brown color, it is advisable to stop treatment with madder or reduce the dose of the drug.
Contraindications
Madder dye is not allowed to be used for:
- Glomerulonephritis, both in the acute phase and in the chronic form;
- Severe renal failure;
- Stomach ulcer;
- Lactose deficiency;
- Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
The medicine should not be given to cats during lactation and pregnancy.
There are no special instructions prohibiting the use of madder with other drugs. The medicine can be used from 1 month of the kitten’s life.
The possibility of using an extract from the roots of madder for small kittens, its natural origin, and reasonable cost make the product one of the best among drugs with a similar purpose.
Application
Madder is used as:
- antispasmodic and diuretic;
- a product that softens the structure of stones with a significant content of phosphates and oxalates;
- a remedy for eliminating antispasmodic effects when removing stones from the body.
Madder has a more active effect on stones formed by phosphate salts of calcium and magnesium.
Reviews from veterinarians
Elena Genadyevna. Veterinarian:
In modern veterinary practice, MB in cats is common. The fact is that most pets eat dry food, lead a sedentary lifestyle, and undergo castration or sterilization procedures.
Treatment and prevention with madder extract allows you to quickly and without harm to your pet’s health get rid of severe pathologies with dangerous consequences.
The drug allows you to naturally remove stones from the body in a short period of time and return your beloved pet to an active life. A proven product that can be purchased at any pharmacy; use does not require any skills.
Igor Vladislavovich. Veterinarian:
Madder tablets are obtained by extracting from the roots of the plant. You need to take the pills strictly according to the dose, so that signs of an overdose in the form of an allergy do not appear.
The use of madder can replace several medical procedures at once. A special feature of the drug is its ability to remove not only oxalates, but also urates and salts.
An excellent product with high performance.
What are the benefits of madder root?
For medicinal purposes, Kelba roots are usually used, which are obtained in the fall or spring, thoroughly cleaned, and then dried at a temperature of no more than 50 ° C.
Medicines containing madder can be presented in the following forms:
- Decoction;
- Pills;
- Powder;
- Extract;
- Herbal tea;
- Drops;
- Tincture.
It is worth noting that the range of indications for the use of madder for medicinal purposes is quite wide, so it can be used for diseases of the digestive, urinary and respiratory systems, as well as for the treatment of skin diseases.
Thus, the following diseases may be indications for the use of madder::
- Stones in the kidneys;
- Rickets;
- Skin cancer;
- Dermatomycosis;
- Gout;
- Pigmentation;
- Osteomyelitis;
- Intestinal or bone tuberculosis, etc.
User reviews indicate that the use of madder has shown the greatest effectiveness for kidney stones, since the plant not only helps remove stones, but also destroys the primary causes of their appearance.