How long does pregnancy last in small and large breed dogs?

Breeding a breed is a responsible and painstaking task that involves you in all aspects of the life of a particular animal. To get good results, breeders need to know how long pregnancy lasts in dogs, how it progresses, and what care the bitch needs. The expectant mother will need the help and support of the owner at every stage of pregnancy. Left unattended, it may not be able to withstand the load and suffer from complications.

How long does gestation last?

On average, the duration of pregnancy in dogs is 55-66 days, that is, about 2 months. The gestation period can shift downward (up to 53 days) or up (up to 71 days) without harm to the puppies if certain factors are present.

What affects timing?

Experienced breeders always note the mating date. It is from this day that they calculate how long pregnancy lasts in dogs. The following factors influence possible deviations from average indicators:

1. Number of births

   . If a pet is pregnant for the first time, then her babies will not be in a hurry to be born. For more experienced animals, the process takes much less time.

2. Size and number of offspring

   . The smaller the puppies, the longer they develop in the womb. An earlier exit can only be affected by their number. A small number of babies develop faster.

3. Size and age of the pet

   . The smaller the animal, the faster the process proceeds. With age, the body weakens, so the dog bears its offspring longer.

4. Number of successful matings

   . The female can become pregnant after the first mating, but if there is a repeat mating, start counting from there.

In the absence of pathologies, a shift in the estimated date of birth is possible due to later fertilization. This is due to incorrect determination of ovulation. In this case, the sperm will have to wait for the eggs to mature.

Period table

Having figured out how long the duration of pregnancy in dogs is, we can consider its main periods separately. For convenience, they are divided into weeks; the table describes the stages of fetal development and the changes occurring in the expectant mother.

While caring for your pet, strictly monitor its weight. Sharp jumps are fraught with hormonal disruptions and joint problems.

Calculation of due date

It will not be possible to find out the exact date of birth of the puppies, but it is quite possible to calculate the approximate date. Add to the mating date the average duration of how long the dog stays pregnant. Then try to adjust the resulting figure up or down depending on factors affecting the timing.

Throughout the entire period, the owner must observe the condition of the pet, comparing it with the table. If deviations from the schedule occur, contact your veterinarian immediately to prevent the development of complications.

Stages of pregnancy

Dog pregnancy proceeds rapidly, because of this the owner needs to have information that can be used to determine what phase the fetus is in and what is happening inside his pet.

The duration of pregnancy can be roughly divided into the following stages:

1. The first stage of a full-fledged pregnancy begins with the formation of hearts in the offspring, usually at the end of the third week after mating. Usually the process is marked by vomiting in the dog; if you notice this, increase his portion of food.
2. Puppies acquire a fully formed appearance by the end of the third week (27-28 days), but they are not yet covered with hair.
3. You can see embryos on an ultrasound closer to day 32, they have already gained a quarter of their weight.
4. The bones of the ribs and limbs are strengthened up to 34 days.
5. Day 37 is important because all vital systems in a young body are already formed.
6. The offspring can be examined with x-rays on the 45th day, this way you can determine exactly how many puppies the bitch is expecting.
7. On day 56, the animal actively licks itself and tries to retire for birth.

The difference in the duration of the stages depends entirely on the size and breed of the pet. It is better to consult a specialist about each period. This advice is especially important for those who are preparing to give birth to a dog for the first time.

For high-quality preparation for childbirth, you should clearly determine for yourself from what day to count and generally count by ultrasound or by mating. Experienced dog breeders usually count by mating, but for beginners it is better to focus on ultrasound diagnostics and the opinion of a specialist. This will help you avoid annoying mistakes.

Signs of an interesting situation

It is quite difficult to guess that a pet is carrying puppies in the early stages. At first, only behavioral changes are noted that are noticeable to attentive owners. The expectant mother becomes inactive and refuses long walks. She gets nervous in noisy companies and tries to find a secluded place. Her appetite increases or decreases sharply, and she often vomits in the morning.

After detecting these symptoms, be sure to visit a veterinary clinic. More obvious signs appear only a month after fertilization. A pregnant woman's belly becomes rounded and enlarged. Viscous mucus is released from her loop, and the nipples swell.

By the end of 2 months, babies can be palpated, but this is recommended only under the supervision of a veterinarian. Fragile fruits are easy to injure, so avoid self-examination.

How to understand that a dog is pregnant

Questions: “Has pregnancy begun?” and “How many months does a dog carry puppies?” - concern all dog breeders. The problem is that with a total duration of two months and several days, it is possible to accurately diagnose an ongoing pregnancy only after three weeks. Especially if the future parent carefully hides changes in her condition: she maintains her usual activity, appetite and mood. But it also happens the other way around: behavioral signs of pregnancy appear from the first days.

What you should pay attention to:

Changes in behavior

Following the unwritten laws of nature, caring for a pregnant bitch falls on all members of the pack, and her status in the dog hierarchy invariably increases. Guided by the memory of her ancestors, the young lady can try to establish her own rules in your home pack (among the younger family members). Displays of aggression towards other bitches are not uncommon. If there is more than one dog in the house, be careful : the sweetest girl can turn into a dangerous vixen.

Increased appetite

Approximately 10 days after mating, the bitch's appetite may increase. In this case, the diet is increased by introducing additional feeding with less food. Ideally, by the end of the first month, the dog should gain a little fat (we are not talking about the volume of the belly, but the amount of fat on the ribs). But just a little, obesity is the enemy of a healthy pregnancy.

Vomiting, refusal to eat

Dogs also experience toxicosis (unpleasant symptoms usually appear at 2-3 weeks or at the end of pregnancy). This can range from mild morning sickness to profuse vomiting throughout the day and a complete lack of appetite. Fasting can lead to a sharp decrease in glucose in the animal’s blood and the death of the embryos. For a caring owner, canine toxicosis poses a considerable problem. We will talk about how to help your pet and prevent negative consequences in the section “ How long does a dog bear puppies : practical advice.”

Lack of activity, lethargy

Some bitches begin to behave calmer and more cautious immediately after mating. They avoid noisy dog ​​companies, active games, become apathetic, and prefer sleep to walks. But it’s too early to follow your pet’s lead. Restrictions on fresh air and sunbathing will not be beneficial; it will be enough to moderate physical activity.

Differences in timing between dogs of different breeds

To determine the timing of thoroughbred animals, you need to start from their dimensions. The larger they are, the longer it takes to form fruits.

In small

Small breeds (Chihuahuas, Pekingese, Yorkies) carry their young for 55-60 days. Their offspring are always the most numerous.

Due to its modest dimensions, future mothers often encounter gastrointestinal problems. Their enlarged uterus begins to crowd the stomach, so food is made as high in calories as possible, but small in volume.

In the middle ones

Average dogs (boxers, huskies, spaniels) are less likely to suffer from complications, and the number of embryos is always determined by chance. The entire process takes 60-63 days.

In large

Large representatives (wolfhounds, mastiffs, mastiffs) remain pregnant for 63-65 days, but sometimes the period is extended to 72 days. This is due to the cubs being too large and requiring a long time to develop. Despite the small number of offspring, childbirth often occurs with complications due to the problematic passage of overgrown babies through the birth canal.

How many puppies does a dog give birth to?

On average, bitches give birth to 3 to 8 puppies, but the exact number depends on the circumstances and the breed. During the first pregnancy, 1-3 babies are most often born, and in subsequent ones - 5-6. With age, the female's fertility decreases again.

It is believed that the smaller the dog, the fewer puppies it will produce. They rarely give birth to more than 3-4 young. The exceptions are Jack Russells, Pekingese and Dachshunds - they can bring 6-7 kids.

Large dogs can give birth to up to 10 puppies. This litter is most often found in Labradors, Shepherds, Alabais, and St. Bernards. Other breeds are limited to 8-9 kids. But Dalmatians are considered the most fertile - they can give birth to even 13-15 puppies.

Pregnancy in a dog is an exciting event for which you need to be well prepared. Your pet needs to be fed more, not worried and not physically stressed. And in order to have time to prepare for childbirth, you need to know how long a dog’s pregnancy lasts: it depends on the breed, age and number of puppies in the litter.

Visit to the veterinarian

After detecting the listed signs, make an appointment with a veterinary clinic. Plan a visit no earlier than a month after mating. By this time, relaxin, a sex hormone, will appear in the blood of the expectant mother, on the basis of which an interesting position is confirmed.

Determining the number of fruits

In addition to examination, palpation and blood tests, diagnosis involves ultrasound and x-rays. These procedures help determine the exact number and condition of the fruits, but not earlier than the beginning of the 2nd month.

Exclusion of pathologies

A visit to the veterinary clinic is recommended even if your four-legged pet is in good health. Not all pathologies are determined visually. Diagnostic procedures help to detect hidden complications and prevent their development.

When to deworm a pregnant dog

It is not recommended to give deworming tablets to a dog in this position. It is better to carry out the treatment at least 14 days before mating. If this was not done on time, it is better to postpone the procedure until after childbirth. If worms cause severe discomfort to the animal, you can give her tablets no earlier than after the 40th day after mating. Under no circumstances should you buy the pills yourself. First you need to show your pet to a doctor: he will determine the need for treatment and select a special drug that will not harm the puppies.

Caring for the expectant mother

During the period of bearing offspring, protect your pet from stress factors. Avoid meeting new people and staying in noisy places.

Remember that any cold will be more severe than usual. Do not let your pet sleep on a cold floor and make sure that her place is protected from drafts.

Particular attention will have to be paid to feeding and physical activity. Also, do not forget to prepare the “nest”, that is, the future place for childbirth.

Feeding

For full development, embryos will need vitamins A, B, D and E. They can be added directly to food, checking the brand with your veterinarian. To form bone structure, the diet is enriched with calcium. It will also be necessary to increase the amount of proteins that perform a construction function. You need to return to the previous amount of protein food 10 days before birth, and 5 days before giving it up completely.

In the first month, feedings are carried out 2 times a day, in the second - 3 times a day, and shortly before birth - 4-5 times a day. Try to keep carbohydrates to a minimum to prevent obesity. The easiest way to feed your animal is pregnancy food.

Walking and activity

Reduce the length of the route while maintaining the duration of the walk. A pregnant pet will become slower, so it will take more time for her to cover the usual distances. If you feel tired, listen to the animal and return home.

It is better to increase the number of walks up to 3 times. This will be needed to relieve the burden on the bladder, which is being compressed by the enlarged uterus. If this is not possible, stock up on diapers. A tray is suitable for small dogs.

Running, jumping and walking on stairs are prohibited. Try to carry your pet in your arms or use the elevator more often.

Hygiene

No innovations in hygiene procedures are required. Treat your eyes and ears as usual. Wash your paws after every walk. Entire bathing is best done only as a last resort. After washing, be sure to dry your pet with a towel and hairdryer to prevent hypothermia.

Preparing for childbirth

In the second half of the 4th week, prepare the birth area. If your pet does this on her own, she will definitely choose a secluded corner behind the sofa, where it will be difficult for her to provide help if necessary. Make sure that the design you choose is safe, retains heat well, and appeals to the expectant mother.

7 days before giving birth, contact your surgeon or prepare all the necessary instruments yourself. Try to arrange a vacation from work in advance to support your pet in the first days.

How to care for a pregnant dog

In order for the pregnancy to be easy and the offspring to be born healthy, the dog must be given special care.

Feeding

The feeding regimen after pregnancy will have to be adjusted, because now the dog must provide all its offspring with useful substances. But you need to change the diet only 3-4 weeks after mating and pregnancy - if you overfeed your pet, she may have a miscarriage, become obese, and worsen chronic diseases.

After the first month of pregnancy, the amount of food should be gradually increased. By the time of delivery, half the standard volume should be added to the serving size. If your dog refuses to eat, you should not force him to eat. It is better to carefully monitor her behavior and feed her as soon as her appetite awakens.

If your dog has a balanced diet, then there is no need to change it or introduce new foods. For animals on ready-made food, you need to switch to special mixtures for pregnant women - they contain all the useful substances necessary for this situation. For those who eat natural food, it is better to start giving special vitamins. They are prescribed only by a doctor.

During pregnancy, dogs often become thirsty, so you need to provide them with constant access to water. It is better to place several additional drinking bowls around the apartment, especially in those places where your pet most often visits. The water needs to be changed every 12 hours.

Walking and activity

A pregnant dog definitely needs to go for a walk to breathe fresh air, gain strength and relax. Because of their position, they get tired faster, so long hikes should be avoided. It is better to walk more often, but less time.

You also need to monitor the dog’s activity while walking. Most often, they themselves feel when they need to run less, but young animals can overestimate their position. In this case, it is better to take the pet home. Also, you should not allow your dog to play with other animals - they can accidentally harm it and even cause a miscarriage.

Hygiene

A pregnant dog’s hygiene needs to be monitored more carefully, since due to its position it is more difficult for it to take care of itself. It is better not to bathe her unless absolutely necessary - choosing the appropriate water temperature will be difficult, especially since not everyone can easily tolerate water treatments.

You especially need to monitor her genitals - clear liquid may be released from them. If the dog does not lick itself, then you need to wash it with warm water. This should not be done two weeks before giving birth.

Some people may experience incontinence during pregnancy. You cannot scold an animal for this; you need to clean up after it as quickly as possible so as not to provoke the appearance of parasites. After giving birth, the dog's behavior will return to normal.

Preparing for childbirth

Further, knowing how long a dog carries puppies , labor may begin suddenly, and the owners may not have enough time to quickly collect everything they need. Therefore, tools need to be prepared in advance. For everything to go smoothly, you will need:

• clean towels;
• gloves;
• cotton wool;
• alcohol;
• a box lined with unwanted blankets;
• scales for weighing puppies.

Sometimes the intervention of a veterinarian may be necessary, so you need to find one in advance and agree on a possible call. You cannot do without the help of specialists if the dog is small, the pregnancy was difficult, or complications arose during previous births.

Condition of the dog before birth

The imminent appearance of offspring can be recognized by sudden aggression towards strangers, the construction of a “nest” and the creation of hiding places with food supplies. A few days before giving birth, the pet begins to produce milk and loses its appetite.

In the last day, body temperature drops by 1-1.5 °C. The expectant mother becomes very restless, digs “holes” in the floor and sits down in them. At this stage, take her to the “nest”, since there will be no more than 1.5 hours left before new family members appear.

Signs of pregnancy in dogs of large, small and medium breeds

Before we begin to discuss the characteristics characteristic of a pregnant animal, it should be noted that there is no significant difference in their manifestations among different breeds. That is, each of the signs listed below is characteristic of both small dogs and large breeds.

In general, the pregnancy process is an important period in the life of an animal; how healthy the future offspring will be depends entirely on it. The owner needs to be able to determine as early as possible that the pet is “in a position” in order to adjust the pet’s diet, its daily routine, the intensity of exercise during walks and the intake of vitamins and supplements.

A pet should always be treated with due attention, but pregnancy is a special time, and if you help the bitch at this stage, it will be much easier for her to give birth.

The owner should know that visually determining pregnancy in the initial stages is quite difficult even for a professional, because the signs appear weakly and, for example, can be easily confused with symptoms of diseases.

The formed belly can be seen only immediately before childbirth - approximately on the 62nd day.

But truly astute owners are able to notice small changes in the animal’s behavior in the first ten days, these include:

1. The bitch began to sleep more and her appetite decreased.
2. The animal is less playful, behaves apathetically, inertly, lethargically.
3. The desire for privacy is especially pronounced in those pets who were previously sociable.
4. The physiological aspect is most clearly expressed through the nipples, so on days 14-21 they swell and protrude from the abdomen and become bright purple in color.

After the third week, diagnosis using ultrasound is possible; on the 30th day, the mammary glands increase significantly, after which the dog begins to rapidly gain weight. Pregnancy becomes noticeable partly at this time.

Pregnancy in dogs after 2 months is already so obvious that only an inattentive person can miss it.

In the period from 39 to 45 days, it is already possible to palpate the formed embryos (their ribs and skull bones), but it is better to entrust such a procedure to a specialist, since careless movement can injure the delicate fetus and lead to undesirable consequences.

Veterinarians strongly recommend using X-rays to check the number of puppies of young bitches who are having their first pregnancy.

In the middle of the second month (46-51 days), milk may begin to be released from the nipples.

Possible complications

If you notice any alarming symptoms, including a significant deviation from the planned date, call your veterinary clinic immediately. It is better to be wrong in your guesses than to allow the death of your four-legged pet and her babies.

Ectopic pregnancy

The development of embryos outside the uterus is fraught with death due to internal ruptures and bleeding. It is accompanied by pain and bloody discharge from the uterus. If the animal whines and blood flows from its loop, call a doctor.

False pupishness

False whelping, or false pregnancy, can be easily determined independently only by the absence of mating. This condition is accompanied by similar symptoms, but instead of labor, it can result in mastitis or other complications. Due to the likelihood of such an outcome, veterinarians recommend not to refuse blood donation, ultrasound and x-rays.

Frozen pregnancy

Partial or complete death of embryos is fraught with mummification with subsequent intoxication of the body. If the dead fetuses do not come out on their own, they are removed by artificial stimulation of the uterus or by sterilization.

If the dog paces

A delay of more than 10 days is an alarm bell. In addition to the death of the fetus, the reason may lie in a delay in its development, pathologies of the genital organs of the bitch, or other diseases of the four-legged woman in labor. Healthy babies are removed by caesarean section.

Detailed pregnancy calendar

For responsible owners, we have compiled a dog pregnancy calendar. The boundaries of the periods of fetal development are quite arbitrary; much depends on the individual characteristics of the bitch. Our calendar is built on data about the “ideal” pregnancy and gives an approximate idea of ​​the changes occurring in the animal’s body, the timing and methods of medical diagnosis of pregnancy and the characteristics of each period.

Germinal period

1 week (1-7 days)

Due to the fusion of the sex cells of a male and female (sperm and egg), a new cell is formed that has the hereditary characteristics of both parents (zygote). The zygotes actively divide and slowly move into the uterus, acquiring three embryonic membranes along the way.

2 week (7-14 days)

Having reached the uterus, the embryos are evenly distributed over its surface. A constant exchange of nutrients is established between them and the mother's body.

Pre-fetal period

Week 3 (14-21 days)

From the 18th day, a critical stage of intrauterine development begins. In embryos, internal organs and a nervous system are formed, and the genes responsible for breed characteristics begin to work actively. And even though the embryo is the size of a small grape and no different from the embryos of other mammals, you can rest assured that under favorable conditions it will grow into a real dog!

From this moment until birth, the owner must observe a careful protective regime:

• avoid overheating or hypothermia of the animal;
• provide an optimal diet;
• protect the bitch from physical and emotional stress;

At day 21, you can already carry out the first medical test - take a blood test to determine the level of the pregnancy hormone (relaxin). This service is relatively new and, unfortunately, is only available to residents of large cities where there are well-equipped veterinary clinics. But don't despair! In the third week, you yourself can notice the first external signs of impending pregnancy - hardening of the dog’s mammary glands. The nipples swell, and in animals with fair skin they become pale pink.

Week 4 (21 – 28 days)

The height of the prenatal period. The skeleton of the embryo ossifies, the formation of muscles is completed, and the rudiments of the nose, jaws and limbs are formed.

If you really want to know the number and sex of future puppies , it’s time to visit a doctor and have an ultrasound examination (ultrasound).

On days 26–27, the veterinarian can already feel the embryos. Their size depends on the size of the dog (for example, in medium breeds they are comparable to a walnut). In another week, the uterus will be filled with fluid, which will make palpation uninformative.

Fetal period

5 week (28 -35 days)

The first half of pregnancy is coming to an end. The embryo increasingly resembles a puppy; by day 35, its weight is already 20% of the weight of a newborn. The bitch is having a harder time every day. And the owners are more concerned about the question: “ How long does a dog bear puppies ” the closer the pregnancy ends.

From the 5th week, the dog is transferred to split 3-4 meals a day with a high content of protein and vitamins. Consult your veterinarian or breeder about what diet is best for your pet.

Week 6 (35 – 42 days)

The bitch loses its graceful form, the belly behind the ribs enlarges, and the mammary glands swell. Some dogs chew the fur around them, creating halos of hairless skin. The animal's loop seems to be open, and the appearance of mucous discharge is possible. The four-legged beauty is rapidly gaining weight and radically changing her behavior.

• becomes noticeably calmer, already clearly “protecting” himself;
• shows caution towards strangers, trusting the tummy only to the owner;
• is jealous of his place;
• some people start stocking up for a rainy day, hiding food, trying to bury tasty morsels in the nooks and crannies of the apartment.

Week 7 (42 – 49 days)

With the help of a stethoscope, you can already hear the puppies' heartbeat. The dog's uterus enlarges (up to 2/3 of the abdominal cavity), putting pressure on the stomach and internal organs. During multiple pregnancy, fetal movements are clearly visible. Their weight reaches 75% of birth weight.

• At this stage, the frequency of feedings is increased, reducing the portion size.
• You also need to monitor the consistency of the animal's feces (puppies become prone to constipation). If necessary, the dog is given natural laxatives (orange juice, flaxseed oil)

Week 8 (49 – 56 days)

The temperature of the bitch's nipples increases slightly; when pressed, they release colostrum.

The dog may begin to “build a nest”: dig the rug, drag blankets and pillows into place. Females with increased excitability show interest in objects that resemble puppies (toys, squeakers). A tailed reinsurer can independently “move” from her usual place, choosing another where she will feel safe. All this suggests that it is time for the owner to equip a “den” for future offspring.

Place for birth

Ideally, the birthing area will be protected on three sides, resembling a cave. The maternity box is raised above the floor and fenced off. The size is selected based on the parameters of the woman in labor. There should be enough space in the den for two dogs like your favorite. For example, for a German shepherd it is recommended to equip a box 1.5 x 1.5 m. The bitch should get used to the maternity area and feel comfortable and calm there.

Week 9 (57 – 63 days)

The long-awaited birth will begin any day now. Make an agreement with your veterinarian in advance - your pet may need medical attention.

In the last week, the volume of feed is reduced by 20-30% , and the protein content in the diet is increased. Do not be alarmed if the young lady loses her appetite and begins to sleep a lot and soundly. This is how the dog’s body gains strength before the upcoming birth.

Signs of imminent labor

• 2-3 days before birth, the stomach drops and the nipples become bright red.
• The mucus plug comes off and a viscous vaginal discharge appears.
• About a day before giving birth, the dog becomes restless, refuses to eat, begins to thrash about and whine.
• Over 12 hours, the bitch’s body temperature drops by 1.5-2 degrees (normal dog temperature is 38.5°C).

The wait is almost over, and you'll soon find out how long a dog bears puppies first-hand. All we have left to do is give some general advice.

Vaccinations, antiparasitic treatment and treatment during pregnancy

Vaccination is carried out strictly before mating, since the administered drugs can cause abnormalities in development or death of the fetus. Mother's immunity is transferred to babies during feeding and lasts up to 2-2.5 months.

Treatment against parasites is also recommended before mating, namely 14 days before the meeting of future partners. Anthelmintics are quite toxic, so they can negatively affect the health of puppies. Pregnant bitches are only allowed to take anthelmintic drugs if they are directly infected. In this case, the animal is given more gentle anthelmintics: Milbemax, Prazitel, Drontal Plus.

Any treatment is carried out only under the guidance of a veterinarian. The drugs are selected individually, taking into account their effect on the body of the expectant mother and her babies.

Vaccinations during dog pregnancy and lactation: possible or not

Pregnant and lactating dogs are not vaccinated. Vaccines can cause serious harm to developing puppies, ranging from developmental abnormalities to fetal death. Vaccinations must be given before mating. The animal’s passport will help determine the due date: the owner must look at the date of the next vaccination and compare it with the duration of the upcoming pregnancy and lactation. If they match, you need to contact a veterinarian and get vaccinations either before mating or after the expected lactation.

Abortion

Abortions in animals are performed medically or surgically. In the first case, abortive drugs are used, and in the second, surgical abortion with sterilization is used. After removal of the uterus and ovaries, the four-legged female patient is excluded from breeding.

Due to many contraindications, veterinarians recommend avoiding unplanned matings or sterilizing the animal soon after puberty. Complications that put the life of a woman in labor at risk are a serious reason for carrying out an operation.

Support your pregnant pet throughout the entire period. Check its condition daily and respond promptly if any deviations occur. Regular visits to the veterinarian and proper care will help you bear healthy offspring and avoid possible complications.

The article is for informational purposes only. Contact your veterinarian!

Labor did not start on time

It may happen that the dog's pregnancy has already passed, but labor does not begin. This often happens during the first pregnancy and in older dogs. This option is also possible if pregnancy occurs with pathologies.

In this case, you need to contact a veterinarian who will examine the pet, determine its condition and, if necessary, prescribe induction of pregnancy. If this is not done, inflammatory processes may begin: then both the puppies and their mother will die.

Preparing for childbirth

About a week before the expected date of birth, you need to take care of a comfortable place for the “nest” in which the birth will take place and the puppies will be with their mother. The structure must be closed on 4 sides so that the animal feels calm and safe. The house must be positioned so that the owner and veterinarian can gain access to the mother and babies if necessary.

Be sure to prepare items that will be useful during the birth process and immediately after it. These include:

• Sterile bandages and gauze (to wipe babies);
• Absorbent or rubberized diaper (on the floor in the house);
• Iodine, brilliant green, cotton pads for treating the umbilical cord;
• Medical rubber “bulb” (to remove mucus from the puppy’s nose);
• Sterile scissors and threads (for tying and cutting the umbilical cord);
• Scales and a notebook to record information about the sequence of appearance and weight of the puppies;
• Multi-colored woolen threads (tie around the neck to distinguish the babies);
• formula for newborn pets and a heating pad, in case of complications of the mother’s condition or her reluctance to feed.

Detailed article on the topic: “Features of childbirth in a dog: preparation, symptoms, care.”

The length of time you wait for puppies depends not only on their number, but also on the size of the female, her age and how pregnant she is. By following the recommendations for caring for the mother, as well as observing her condition, you can monitor the development of the babies, as well as prepare everything necessary for their birth in time.

Signs of pregnancy

Past mating does not guarantee pregnancy. In this regard, experienced breeders hold repeated meetings to consolidate the result.

During the first month, the pet's pregnancy does not show clear signs. An observant owner may note:

• decreased activity and avoidance of long walks;
• decreased or increased appetite;
• nausea (note that if its duration is more than a month, then intoxication of the body is possible);
• searching for secluded places and nervousness when there are crowds of people or other four-legged animals.

  
  Pregnant dog

If these symptoms are detected, the dog should be taken to a veterinary clinic. The visit should be scheduled no earlier than a month after mating. When diagnosing, ultrasound is used, which helps determine not only the fact of a special situation, but also the exact number of future babies.

A month after conception, you can see external signs:

• enlargement and rounding of the abdomen;
• discharge of viscous mucus from the loop;
• swelling of the nipples, sometimes accompanied by pigmentation.

You can palpate the puppies by the end of 2 months. Please note that you should not perform this action yourself. Lack of experience can lead to injury to the fruit.

Ultrasound

Closer to the onset of labor, the following is observed:

• movement of puppies;
• aggression towards strangers;
• creating hiding places with food supplies;
• arrangement of a “nest” for the future family;
• appearance of milk;
• loss of appetite.

How to determine pregnancy

It is recommended to show the bitch to a veterinarian 25-35 days after fertilization. During this period, the following diagnostic methods are most effective:

1. Palpation . By palpation, pregnancy can be determined between 21 and 35 days. The veterinarian can feel the individual sacs of fluid in which the embryos develop. At later stages, the uterus becomes more flexible, and the sacs cannot be felt.
2. Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity . An ultrasound examination 100% confirms pregnancy, establishes its duration, and determines the viability of the fetus.
3. Hormonal test . To confirm pregnancy with a hormonal test, it is performed at 30 days or later. Testing earlier may show a false negative result.

Another diagnostic test is radiography. This is an effective way to determine the number of puppies. It is carried out from 42 to 55 days after mating.

First pregnancy - how to prepare a dog

A dog's first pregnancy is an exciting and worrying period for its owner.

The dog must be prepared in advance for this event.

1. Conduct all necessary vaccinations and check the health of the expectant mother. The veterinarian will tell you whether the animal is ready to bear offspring and check whether there are any contraindications for this.
2. Treat the animal against external and internal parasites. This can be done during pregnancy, but it is better to take care in advance.
3. 3-4 months before the planned mating, the dog is switched to a high-quality balanced diet and increased physical activity to get rid of excess fat deposits and strengthen muscles.

During the entire period of gestation, it is necessary to carefully monitor the dog’s condition, conduct regular examinations (tests, ultrasound), and follow all the veterinarian’s recommendations for care and feeding.

Dog pregnancy by day

It is interesting for every breeder to understand what is happening in the body of his pet and what the future offspring looks like at different stages of pregnancy. There is a classic scheme for the formation of a puppy, which will allow you to find out how the baby develops in the womb:

Knowing the day of mating, you can accurately imagine how the puppies develop and what is happening in the mother’s body at this moment.

Pathologies of pregnancy

Pregnancy does not always end in childbirth. In some cases, this process may be interrupted or not take place at all due to improper fertilization, infections, or genetic reasons.

Frozen pregnancy

Characterized by the fact that one or more embryos (puppies) stop growing and developing. Most often occurs at 3 or 7-8 weeks. The dog’s body can independently get rid of frozen fetuses by resorption of the embryo, miscarriage, or mummification of the embryo with its subsequent decomposition.

If a dog miscarries, it must be taken to a veterinarian to make sure there are no fragments left in the bitch's body. Miscarriage can be partial - viable puppies remain in the uterus. In a complete miscarriage, the entire offspring dies.

Ectopic pregnancy

Cases of ectopic pregnancy are caused by pathologies of the reproductive and endocrine systems. Also, a similar condition can occur due to injuries in the abdominal area, when the walls of the uterus rupture and the embryo enters the abdominal cavity. The condition is manifested by pain, internal and external bleeding and discharge from the female genitals. The ectopic pregnancy is terminated.

Place for birth

Yorkie pregnancy by day: details about childbirth at home

If the bitch previously had problems with bearing and giving birth to puppies, she could not give birth on her own, or the offspring turned out to be non-viable, then the next birth of the dog is carried out under the supervision of a veterinarian. To do this, she is taken to the clinic. A healthy dog ​​gives birth on its own, without outside help. The main thing is to prepare a place where she could retire during childbirth. This could be a bedding in some corner or a cardboard (wooden) box with high sides.

The bottom of the box is covered with old rags in several layers to make the animal comfortable. You will also need to prepare bedding to replace the one that is dirty (amniotic fluid, afterbirth comes out).

The animal must have its own place

You should not allow your pet to give birth on the sofa or bed. The furniture will be damaged. The animal is shown a box prepared for it in advance. It is advisable to place it where the bitch usually sleeps or eats. If the dog does not react to the box or does not want to get into it, they force it into it for a week, leaving it alone with its favorite toy or treat.

How to terminate a pregnancy

In some cases, it is necessary to resort to post-coital contraception and induced abortion. This is a responsible step on which the life and health of your pet depends. How to do this so as not to harm the dog's health?

Reasons for termination of pregnancy

1. Unplanned (accidental) mating.
2. Mating during the first heat of a young female.
3. Disproportions in the sizes of males and females.
4. Ectopic pregnancy.
5. Dog health problems.
6. Possible problems with offspring due to pathologies in the structure of the dog’s pelvis.

The sooner the termination is made, the greater the chance of maintaining the dog’s ability to have offspring. In veterinary medicine, two methods of ending pregnancy are used: medication and surgery. Both methods cause serious damage to the dog's health. They are recommended to be used only for serious medical reasons .

Medication method

This is a more gentle way. In veterinary medicine, injectable drugs and tablets are used. The choice of drug for induced abortion depends on the stage of pregnancy and the health of the dog.

Veterinarians use:

• Estrogen-based drugs. Used at the beginning of pregnancy. They have serious side effects: infertility, disruption of internal organs.
• Natural and synthetic analogues of prostaglandins. Used early. A more gentle way. Prescribed only after pregnancy is confirmed (ultrasound).
• Progesterone antagonists. Use up to 45 days after mating. They have contraindications and side effects.
• Corticosteroids. Used at a later date. Can cause serious complications, including death of the animal.

Important!

The decision to terminate is made only by a professional veterinarian. He will examine the animal, choose an acceptable method of termination and medications.

Signs and symptoms of pregnancy

Beginning breeders strive to look for some changes in the pet’s behavior and well-being immediately after mating. For a veterinarian or a more experienced owner, it is obvious that the first signs of an “interesting situation” will appear only after 3 weeks .

Changes indicating pregnancy include:

• Mild apathy. The dog becomes less active and spends less time playing and active walks;
• Drowsiness, previously not characteristic of the bitch;
• Phlegmatic traits appear in the character.

But even these signs are only indirect confirmation of pregnancy. A more accurate result can be obtained thanks to:

• A test performed that shows changes in hormonal levels;
• Appearing toxicosis. It clearly manifests itself in the morning and lasts, on average, no more than 7-10 days . Soft food, which the dog receives in small portions, will somewhat alleviate this unpleasant condition;
• Swelling of the mammary glands and a change in their shade is noted at the end of the 4th week after mating.

Experienced breeders also focus on secondary signs that confirm successful mating:

• Increased appetite. The animal actively absorbs food, and this also applies to those whom the owners considered “little ones”;
• Increase in waist size. This can be seen with the naked eye. It is ideal if, after mating, the breeder measures the pet’s waist circumference. Comparing the data after 3.5-4 weeks, you can see the difference between the two indicators;
• Character changes. Some dogs become more withdrawn and react aggressively to others;
• After 40-45 days, the fruits can already be carefully palpated.

Careful monitoring of the condition of his dog will allow the owner to identify the onset of pregnancy by changes in the condition and character of the pet better than the most experienced veterinarian who sees the dog for the first time in its life.

Pay attention to our article: False pregnancy in dogs - what to do and how to treat?