Poodle - description of the breed and life expectancy

Breed characteristics

History of the origin of the species

The Poodle is a breed that gained popularity in the 15th and 16th centuries. Only the nobility were allowed to breed dogs. Keeping such a pet was considered good manners.

France is considered the homeland of dogs, and the name comes from German: “puddeln” - waterfowl, splashing. The fact is that the breed was bred as a water game hunter. In France, Poodles are called Caniche, which translates to “duck.”

The first standard was published in 1880, although breeding work continued into the 21st century. New miniature relatives of the Poodle were bred and entered into the breed's studbook. This is how the Small, Miniature and Toy poodles appeared.

History of the breed

Poodles come from France
There is still no consensus on what a poodle is and how this particular breed came about. But it is known for sure that this is the result of crossing several different dogs - barbette, spaniel, retriever, maltese, pointer and greyhound. The first mentions of stucco moldings with poodles are found already in the 3rd century. BC e. Many paintings, frescoes and sculptures of that time often contain images of these animals.

The dog was originally used for hunting

Poodle-like dogs were bred through crossbreeding in order to obtain an assistant for hunting. They were used as carriers of game from the water. This seemingly absurd name for the breed appeared during the Baroque period. From German “Pudd” was translated as “splash.”

Over time, this class of dogs became the national breed of France. The first clubs, grooming salons and exhibitions of world significance appeared here. Although each country has its own standard regarding the color, build and size of the animal.

Additional Information! If you use the French breed standard, then its name will sound like “caniche”.

Thus, the origin of poodle dogs remains a mystery. But despite this, their popularity grew. Already in the 7th century, it filled the expanses of Europe and England, and in the 19th century it became popular among Russian aristocratic families. As a result, the exclusively hunting poodle became a symbol of aristocracy and wealth.

Toy poodle, small and dwarf breed descriptions

The prefix toy in the name means “toy” in English. Representatives of the breed outwardly correspond to this characteristic. The toy poodle has a proportional build, a joyful facial expression and a cheerful disposition. Sometimes toys are called small poodles.

1. Head. The shape is correct according to the fox type. The forehead is convex, slightly oblong, of medium width. The eye arches are well developed, but do not give the muzzle a heavy appearance. The bridge of the nose is shorter than the forehead, straight. The jaws are quite strong with a full set of white teeth. Scissor bite.
2. Nose. The size is proportional to the head. It looks flat from above, with a rectangular profile. The color of the lobe is black or matches the color of the coat.
3. Eyes. Almond shaped. The eyelids are dense and colored. The color of the iris ranges from dark brown to golden amber. The look is interested, expressive.
4. Ears. Hanging, close to the head. Rectangular shape with rounded ends. If the dog is interested in something, he lifts them slightly and turns them forward a little.
5. Body. The poodle's build is correct, without unnecessary elongation. The scruff is pronounced. The withers are smoothed. The back is of medium width, tapering at the croup. The loin is pronounced. The croup is rounded. The transition line to the hip is smooth. The chest is oval in shape. The ribs are wide and springy. The front part of the sternum protrudes slightly beyond the front paws. The chest is lowered to the level of the elbow joints. The belly is tucked up, which gives the animal a sporty appearance.
6. Tail. Set high, without bending. The breed standard allows for natural length or docking.
7. Paws. Smooth, proportional to the body in length, with strong joints. Hips with pronounced smooth muscles, wide. The paw is collected tightly. There are small connecting membranes between the fingers. The toe pads and claws should be nose-colored or black.

Minor deviations in the appearance of a poodle from the standards are not a reason for culling, but will reduce the exhibition score. Dogs with severe defects are not allowed for exhibitions and are not recommended for breeding.

Size and weight

The weight and height of an adult dog depends on the category - toy or small toy. The first has a height at the withers of up to 28 cm, and the second does not exceed 25 cm. Poodles whose height at the withers exceeds 28 cm are classified as dwarf. The weight of the toy is from 3 to 5 kg. A small one weighs no more than 2 kg.

Coat type

The poodle's coat is curly, abundant, with fine guard hairs. It is elastic and resists compression. Less common are individuals with coarse corded hair, which is also allowed by the standard. The dog has no undercoat, as well as a dog smell. Poodles do not actively shed. They are hypoallergenic breeds.

Toy poodle coat colors vary. The official breed standards have approved 6 options. Crossing dogs with different coat colors can produce puppies of unpredictable mixed colors. They are not suitable for exhibitions, but, due to their decorative nature, are very popular.

1. White. Common and one of the most popular colors. This dog looks like a toy. The puppy may have a slight apricot or cream tint to the coat, which fades as it matures. A white dog's skin is pink or spotted. The nose and claws are black. The eyes are brown.
2. Black. Refers to the classics. The wool should not have gray, brown, silver shades or a reddish tint. The nose, paw pads and claws are only black, without spots. Skin blue or gray.
3. Chocolate (brown). The coat color is a uniform rich brown color. On the ears, the fur is slightly lighter than the base tone. The nose is brown. Eyes brown or amber.
4. Silver. The coat is a smooth gray color. The adult coloration develops during the first 2-3 years of a dog's life. At birth, puppies are black. The silver color can be determined starting at 6 weeks. Nose, lips, eyelids black. Eye color is dark brown.
5. Red. The main shade is mahogany (dark red). The color of the nose, eyelids and lips is brown or black.
6. Apricot. Any apricot shades are acceptable. As the dog ages, it becomes lighter in color. Quite often, old dogs turn from apricot to cream. Skin color is pink, less often blue. The color of the eyelids and nose is brown or black.

Since 2007, two more color varieties have been recognized as the standard - white and black harlequin and black and tan. The second is a black poodle with small markings of any color.

As already mentioned, the Poodle is a variable dog. This breed has 4 growth varieties. The first in dominance and size is the Large Original Poodle. The standard is the same for everyone.

The Small Poodle is the second largest. It reaches 35-45 cm at the withers and has all the parameters and characteristics of the Bolshoi. The cost of this subspecies is no lower than that of the standard one: for a pet-class puppy you will have to pay 20,000 rubles.

The Miniature Poodle reaches 28-35 cm at the withers. It is considered a smaller copy of the Small Poodle, but has a slightly shortened muzzle. Many breeders consider it the cutest of the four subspecies. The cost of such a pet is 7,000-15,000 rubles.

The toy poodle is the smallest and most gentle pet of the group. Their height does not exceed 28 cm, although the proportions of the standard are preserved. Animals are fragile and delicate and require careful treatment. The price, of course, depends on the class of the dog: from 7,000 to 35,000 rubles.

Any dog ​​is a huge responsibility. It doesn't matter what size the pet is. He needs education, training and affection. Caring for the puppy will fall on the shoulders of all family members, so the decision should be a joint one.

Poodle

Poodle

This French breed was originally used for duck hunting, which is where it got its French name from the nickname "chien a cape" or "canichon". "Poodle" is short for "Pudelhund"; the word contains Old German roots: “pudeln” - “splash on water” and “hund” - “dog”. According to Buffon, the poodle comes from Africa, namely from the North African Barbet, which the Arabs brought to the Iberian Peninsula, where, apparently, it was crossed with the Portuguese water dog. From Spain, the Poodle breed quickly spread throughout Europe, and was especially loved in France. In 1936, the FCI officially recognized France as the country of origin of the poodle. The Poodle Standard was published in the same year, and the first Poodle Club was founded in France in 1922. Poodles were originally used for hunting waterfowl, under Louis XIV Poodles were kept by aristocrats, under Louis XV they became lap dogs, and under Louis XVI a miniature form appeared Poodle breed. There are 4 types of poodles based on their height, but the largest ones have been replaced by the small ones (dwarf and toy poodle). The breed reached its greatest prosperity in the 19th and 20th centuries. A versatile dog that perfectly adapts to any lifestyle (hunter, circus performer, family friend), it has become one of the favorite breeds. Unfortunately, this public enthusiasm led to a deterioration in the quality of the Poodle breed. For this reason, potential poodle owners should be careful when choosing a dog.

Poodle breed standard FCI No. 172E 2009-01-20

In accordance with FCI rules, the legislator of the breed standard is the country recognized as its homeland of origin. Both France and Germany can be considered the homeland of the poodle breed. But since the French made a greater contribution to the development of this breed, the text of the poodle standard compiled by the French Poodle Club was taken as the basis for the FCI standard. Below is the official text of the latest edition from 1984 with comments from the French Poodle Club.

Poodle breed standard No. 172E, adopted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)

1. General appearance and impression

Determination of the main features of the breed. Belongs to the group of utility dogs, a subgroup of companion dogs. The dog is of a harmonious type, moderately elongated, with a characteristically shaped coat, curly or corded.

It has the appearance of an intelligent, constantly attentive, active, harmoniously built animal, full of elegance and dignity. The Poodle has a springy and light stride that should never be smooth or stretched out. The Poodle is known for its loyalty, ability to learn and train, making it a particularly enjoyable human companion.

The intelligence and efficiency of the poodle make it possible to use it for hunting.

2. Head

Noble, straight lines, proportional to the body. The length of the head should be slightly more than 2/5 of the height of the dog at the withers. The head should not be too heavy and massive, but it should not be too light either. The sculpture of the skull should be easily visible under the thin skin.

The nose is large and well developed, the profile of the anterior surface is vertical, the nostrils are open. Black, white and gray poodles have a black nose, brown poodles have a brown nose, and apricot poodles have any shade from dark brown to black, with no preference for the latter. In apricots, care must be taken not to miss possible depigmentation.

Muzzle. The outer contour (profile) is straight, the length of the muzzle is approximately 9/10 of the length of the entire head. The lateral branches of the lower jaw are almost parallel to each other. The muzzle is solid, elegant, and in no way pointed. The lower contour of the muzzle should be determined by the contour of the lower jaw and not by the lower edge of the upper lip.

The lips are moderately developed, of medium thickness, rather dry. The upper lip extends beyond the lower lip without drooping. Black, white and gray poodles have black lips, brown poodles have brown lips, and apricot poodles can have lips of any shade from dark brown to black, with no preference for the latter. The corners of the lips should not be pronounced.

At the level of the first premolars, the lower lip can form a so-called “labial fold”. Only in this place an unpigmented (pink) spot will not be considered a flaw.

The jaws close normally, the teeth are strong.

The cheeks are not prominent and fit tightly to the bones. The infraorbital arches are distinct, sparsely filled. The buccal muscles (the anatomical basis of the cheeks) are poorly developed. The cheek bones should protrude very slightly.

The transition from the muzzle to the skull is very weakly expressed, as in all dogs of this type of build.

The skull is clearly sculpted, its width is less than half the length of the entire head (the lateral lines form a facial angle of 16-19 degrees with the longitudinal axis). When viewed from above, the skull should have an oval, elongated shape. In profile - slightly convex. The longitudinal axes of the skull are slightly divergent.

. The skull is divided into two parts: 1. The skull itself, in the back of which there must be an occipital protuberance. 2. The frontal part, in which the brow ridges and the frontal groove are located.

The brow ridges are moderately prominent and covered with long hair.

The frontal groove is wide between the eyes, tapering to a well-developed occipital protuberance. In miniature poodles, the mound may be slightly smaller.

Eyes with a hot expression, lively, almond-shaped. Located at the level of the bridge of the nose, slightly obliquely. Black, white, gray and apricot poodles have very dark eyes - black or very dark brown, while brown ones can have dark amber eyes.

The term "black eye" cannot be understood absolutely, since dogs cannot have completely black eyes. Black here refers to the closest color to it, deeper than dark brown, and having a blue-black sheen, close to the color of a raven's wing.

The eye shape should only be almond-shaped. The eyes should not be bulging. The edges of the eyelids are black in black, white and gray poodles. Browns have dark brown. Apricots range from dark brown to black. In white and gray poodles, the skin of the eyelids is slightly shaded, and the color of the skin around the eyes should be brown, not bluish.

The ears are quite long, hanging along the cheeks, lying close to them. Set on a line extending from the top of the nose and passing under the outer corner of the eye. Flat, widening at the bottom and rounded at the ends. Covered with very long hair. A Poodle whose ear cartilage tips do not reach the corners of the lips cannot be rated "excellent".

. To determine the length of the ears, you need to stretch them both simultaneously along the muzzle towards the nose or connect the ends of the ears at the throat under the lower jaw. The ear is considered: a) excellent if the tip of the cartilage reaches the nose; b) very good if the tip of the cartilage reaches the middle of the distance between the corner of the lips and the nose; c) good if the ear goes beyond the corner of the lip or if the ends of the ears touch at the throat.

The neck is strong, slightly curved at the nape, of medium length, oval in cross-section, very proportional, without dewlap. The head is set high and proud. The length of the neck is slightly less than or equal to the length of the head.

3. Forelegs

Shoulders. The withers are moderately developed. The shoulder blades are oblique and muscular. The scapula forms an angle with the humerus bone from 90 to 110 degrees. The length of the shoulder is equal to the length of the shoulder blade.

Forearm. The forelimbs are impeccably straight, parallel to each other, graceful, but with good muscles and strong bones. The height from the ground to the angle of the elbow joint is 5/9 of the height of the dog at the withers.

The wrist continues the vertical line of the forearm.

The pasterns are strong, but not massive. Almost vertical in profile.

The paws are quite small, hard, and shaped like a short oval. The fingers are strong, compactly bent, connected by a swimming membrane, firmly standing on dense and thick pads; the ends of the fingers are bent towards the ground. Black and gray poodles have black claws, brown poodles have brown or black claws, white poodles can have any shade of natural horn color, up to black, but must be fully pigmented. Apricot Poodles should have dark brown to black nails, with no preference for the latter. Unpigmented (pink) nails in all colors are a fault.

4. Body (torso)

The general impression is that the poodle's body is very proportional. Its length usually exceeds the height at the withers.

The chest is of moderate size, the anterior end of the sternum should protrude slightly forward and be located quite high, which makes the head carriage higher, lighter and more noble.

Rib cage. The lower part of the sternum is located at the level of the elbow. The width of the chest behind the shoulder blades is equal to 2/3 of its height (from the sternum to the spine). The circumference of the chest, measured behind the shoulder blades, must be at least 10 cm greater than the height of the dog at the withers.

The poodle's chest should be well developed. Breeders should try to keep it this way, since the poodle can and should run very fast and therefore needs good lung capacity.

The ribs are oval-arched, wide in the dorsal part.

The sides of the chest should be rounded enough so that the poodle does not look too flat, but should not be too prominent, as is the case with other breeds.

The back is of a harmonious smooth line, short. The topline should be neither convex nor arched. The height at the withers should be approximately the same as the height at the rump.

Usually the top line is incorrectly called the back; it consists of the back and loin itself, i.e., it is a section of the spine from the withers to the croup.

The loin is strong and muscular.

The belly and groin are toned, but not like a greyhound.

The croup is rounded but not sloping.

The tail is set quite high - at the level of the waist. It is docked. May be left at 1/3 to 1/2 of its natural length in curly poodles. A long tail (provided the dog carries it correctly) is not a fault. The full length of the tail may be left on corded poodles. When moving, the tail is raised obliquely.

5. Hind limbs

Thighs well muscled and strong.

Limbs. When viewed from behind, the hind legs are parallel, the muscles are well developed and clearly visible; When viewed from the side, the stifle and hock joints are noticeably flexed.

The angles of the hip, knee and ankle joints should be well defined. The limb as a whole should not be straightened, as this leads to an undesirable slope of the croup.

The metatarsus and tarsus are vertical. A poodle should be born without a fifth toe on its hind legs.

Paws (see the corresponding item in the “Forelimbs” section).

6. Coat

Color. Poodles (both curly and corded) come in black, white, brown, gray and apricot colors.

a) The brown color must be clean, fairly dark, even, and warm in tone. The intensity of the coat color should not weaken to a beige or even lighter shade. The wool should also not have such a dark chestnut color, which is obtained when black fades (the so-called “Negro head” or “eggplant”). If other merits are equal, primacy should be given to the poodle with darker eye color and more correct overall pigmentation. When assessing a brown poodle, the following are taken into account: 1) pigmentation of the iris (it should be as intense as possible); 2) pigmentation of areas of the skin not covered with hair (nose, edging of lips and eyelids), as well as the mucous membranes of the mouth (palate, gums) and the surroundings of natural openings (anus, prepuce);

3) intensity and naturalness of coat pigmentation.

The gray color should be even. Shades of gray should not approach either black or white.

Due to the late formation of color, the assessment of the dog should be postponed until it is completely stabilized.

c) The apricot color must be even. It should not resemble either beige or cream, and should not be close to chestnut brown or its shades.

Additional procedures using special compounds that change or correct color are not allowed. Poodles should be presented for evaluation after being routinely washed and groomed. The use of artificial coloring will disqualify the dog. Experts have the right to check.

Hairstyle "Lion". The poodle (both curly and corded) is cut short from the base of the tail to the last rib.

The top of the muzzle to the lower eyelids, the bottom of the muzzle, and the cheeks are also cut short; the front and hind legs are cut short, with the exception of cuffs or bracelets, as well as optional decoration on the lower back; a round or oblong pompom is left on the tail. Mustaches are acceptable. Long “pants” on the front legs are allowed.

Hairstyle "Modern". Preservation of hair on all four limbs is permissible if the following requirements are met:

1. Coat cut very short: a) the paws of the front legs are cut from the claws to the height of the fifth toe. The hind legs are trimmed to the same height as the front legs. Hair cutting on the fingers is allowed only; b) the muzzle and tail are cut according to the above rules of the “Lion” standard.

Exclusively for this hairstyle, it is allowed: to leave hair on the lower jaw, but no more than 1 cm long, and it should be cut parallel to the contour of the jaw itself; the so-called “goatee” is not allowed; cut off the hair on the entire tail (but this slightly reduces the score for the “coat quality” indicator).

2. Shortened wool: the hair on the body is shortened, but not less than to a length of 1 cm, so that moiré is visible on the back; The length of the coat gradually increases as it moves from the back to the ribs and upper limbs.

3. Ordered (combed, leveled) coat: a) on the head, the coat forms a cap of moderate height with its continuation to the back of the head and the back of the neck; the fur on the back side is leveled so that it smoothly (without sudden changes) descends to the withers, then to the shoulder blades and the front of the chest, and from there it passes (also without drops) to the completely trimmed tips of the paws, forming a slightly inclined line starting from the height of the protrusion of the chest bones and ending on the toes; at the base of the ears, up to a maximum of 1/3 of their length, the hair should be shortened or cut with scissors in the direction of the hair; the lower part of the ears remains covered with hair, and its length increases downwards; the ears end with a fringe, the lower edge of which can be trimmed with scissors;

b) “pants” on the limbs sharply border with short-cropped paws; the length of the coat gradually increases upward so that on the shoulder blades and hips the length of the straightened coat reaches from 4 to 7 cm, in proportion to the size of the dog. You should avoid the impression that your pants are “bulky.” Pants on the hind legs (when viewing the dog from the side) should not hide the characteristic angles of the joints of the poodle. Any fanciful deviations from the rules established by the standard for hairstyle design are unacceptable and will lead to removal from the ring.

Whatever variation of the standard hairstyle is achieved as a result of the haircut, it should in no way affect the determination of show class. All dogs in the same class are judged and placed according to grades and places, regardless of hairstyle.

Hairstyle "English version". It is performed in the same way as the “Lion” hairstyle, but hair is left on the hind legs, forming an additional decoration in the form of fluffy cuffs and hoops between them, cut short. On the head is a “Top Knot” hairpin. There are no mustaches.

Wool. a) Poodle with curly hair. Very thick wool, lush, fleece-like structure, well curled, elastic and springy when pressed by hand, restoring its shape. It should be dense, equally thick and leveled to a certain length, should form combed curls everywhere. A coat that is rough to the touch, resembling horsehair, is undesirable: poodles with this coat are rated lower.

Poodle with corded coat. Very thick wool, fine, delicate structure, characteristically knitted texture, forming numerous thin cords, which must be the same length, at least 20 cm. The longer the cords, the higher they are valued. The cords on both sides of the head above the ears can be gathered up at the crown with a ribbon, while the cords on the torso should be parted on both sides to avoid a messy look.

The skin is elastic and does not form folds. Pigmented. Black, brown, gray and apricot poodles should have skin pigmentation that matches their coat color. In white poodles, silver skin is most preferred, but it should not interfere with the perception of coat color. There are white poodles that have light skin with individual pigmented spots (truffle pigmentation) not only on the underside of the body (most often), but also on the rest of the body. This should not be considered a disadvantage. General pigmentation should be determined where it should be most intense: on the edge of the eyelids, edging of the lips, nose, gums, palate, scrotum, surrounding natural openings, paw pads. Pigmentation in these places should be black in black, white, gray; dark brown in brown poodles. In apricots, the pigmentation should be the same intensity throughout and as dark as possible, any tone from dark brown to black (without favoring black pigmentation over other shades, but also without allowing depigmentation).

7. Dimensions

from 45 to 58 cm. The Large Poodle should be an enlarged version of the Medium Poodle, retaining the characteristic lines, proportions and impression.

A height excess of a maximum of 2 cm is allowed for dogs used for breeding, provided that all other requirements of the standard are met. This approval may be withdrawn or extended depending on the consequences, harmful or beneficial, of the growth of the breed.

from 35 to 45 cm.

from 28 to 35 cm. The Miniature Poodle should be similar to the moderate Medium Poodle, maintaining the same proportions, characteristic lines and general appearance and, within the limits of its size, should not show signs of dwarfism (pituitary dwarfism).

less than 28 cm (ideal height 25 cm is preferred). A toy poodle should be similar in general appearance to a miniature poodle and comply with all other poodle varieties in all standard requirements. Any manifestation of dwarf degeneration disqualifies the dog, only the occipital protuberance may be less pronounced.

8. Gait

(see section “General appearance and impression”)

9. Disadvantages

Structure and type. The muzzle is small or pointed, the ridge of the nose has a hump. The nose is small, not open enough or too large. Lack of transition or too sharp a transition from forehead to muzzle. Eyes that are too large or too small, not dark enough or have a red tint. Lagging ears that are too short or too narrow. A shortened lower jaw (underbite) is a fault that reduces the score depending on the degree of its expression. Yellowness of the teeth due to the plague is not considered a disadvantage, provided that the teeth are positioned correctly. Uneven teeth or the absence of individual teeth are considered a major or minor defect and are assessed depending on the severity. All incisors, canines and molars must be included. The absence of one first premolar does not affect the assessment during the examination. The absence of the first two premolars still gives the right to award an “excellent” rating. The absence of three premolars does not give the right to receive a rating higher than “very good”. Beveled croup. Straightened angles of the hind legs. Uptightness. Tail curled over the back, too thin or set too low. Smooth or coherent movements. Poorly pigmented or spotted nose. Lack of pigmentation. General lack of pigmentation, light eyelids. Lack of fur (“spectacles” or bald patches) around the eyes.

Sparse or limp (sagging) coat. Undefined or uneven color. Isolated sparse white hairs on the chest are acceptable.

Vicious, aggressive or nervous individuals.

Poodles with signs of dwarfism (pituitary dwarfism) cannot receive an “excellent” rating. External signs of dwarfism: a spherical skull, the absence of an occipital protuberance, an accentuated bridge of the nose (a sharp transition from the muzzle to the skull), bulging eyes, a sharp, too short and upturned muzzle, a shortened lower jaw without a chin.

Disqualifying deficiencies. White spots, white fur on paws. Multicolored coat color. Cryptorchidism is unilateral or complete. Tailless. The fifth toe on the hind legs or marks from its removal. Snack. Height at the withers is more than 60 cm.

Note : Males must have two clearly visible testes, fully descended into the scrotum.

Poodles that are not cut to the standard cannot undergo examination or take prizes at exhibitions and other official events as long as they have this appearance. This, however, does not lead to their exclusion from breeding.

From the book “Poodle” by M. N. Sotskaya

Distinctive features

The main positive distinctive feature of the breed can be considered variability. Poodles have several types of colors, two types of coat and four growth varieties:

1. The Large Royal Poodle is the breed standard (45-60 cm);
2. Small Poodle (35-45 cm);
3. Miniature Poodle (28-35 cm);
4. Toy poodle (up to 28 cm).

All subspecies belong to the same standard and have the same proportions.

The latest breed standard was published in 2007, when a new shade of coat was recognized - red. Only high-quality puppies that do not have deviations in external characteristics are selected for breeding.

• The head is not refined, wedge-shaped, not too large, light. The brow ridges, stops and occipital protuberance are prominent.
• The muzzle is wide and long, rounded at the end. The bridge of the nose is straight. The jaw is strong with a full set of teeth. Scissor bite (the upper teeth overlap the lower teeth). The lips are dense and thin.
• The nose is large. The color depends on the coat color.
• The eyes are slanted, almond-shaped, set wide apart at stop level. Color – black or brown.
• The ears are set high, drooping and close to the head. Long and thin.
• The body is strong and fit with a flat back line, a wide loin and a high croup (at the line of the withers). The chest is wide and deep. The neck is short, without dewlap, with a convex nape. The stomach is tucked.
• The tail is long and set high. Carried elevated, shaped like a sickle. Cupping is permitted in countries where the law does not prohibit it.
• The limbs are long, parallel, set straight and not too wide. The paws are rounded and collected. The gait is light and springy.
• The coat can be of two types: curly (uniform springy curls) or corded (long curls).
• Colors: apricot, red, gray, white, black, peach.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with: Distinctive features of Angora rabbits and their maintenance

Appearance

The Toy Poodle is a small dog of easy tracking, slightly elongated format, with a characteristic curly coat. The haircut should highlight all the advantages of an elegant and proportional physique. The toy poodle is the smallest of the four varieties, its height ranges from 24 to 28 cm. Dogs usually weigh 2-2.5 kg. The standard identifies several important proportions:

• the length of the muzzle is 9/10 of the length of the skull;
• the height at the withers is almost equal to the height of the croup;
• the length of the body is slightly greater than the height;
• the distance from the ground to the elbows is 5/9 of the height.

The head should not look heavy or too thin, it should be proportional and well defined. The skull is slightly convex, the frontal groove between the eyes is wide, narrowing towards the occipital protuberance. The transition from forehead to muzzle is slightly pronounced. The upper profile is straight, located parallel to the lower jaw bone. The muzzle looks strong. The nose is well developed, with open nostrils, black or brown, depending on the color. The lips are dry, of medium thickness, the upper lip lies on the lower lip, but does not overlap it. Scissor bite. The eyes are located at stop level, set slightly obliquely, almond-shaped, dark brown or black in color. Brown dogs are allowed a dark amber color. The ears are long, fall along the cheeks and are set quite low. They are flat, widening from the base, and the tips are rounded. The auricle should reach the corner of the lips.

The dog carries its head high and proud. The neck is strong, with a slightly convex nape line, its length is slightly less than the length of the head. The cross section of the neck is oval in shape. The body is of good proportions, the withers are moderately expressed, the back is short and straight. Poodles have a strong loin. The croup is rounded, the width of the chest is 2/3 of the depth. The hemline is tightened. The tail is set high, long, and can be docked at 1/3 or 1/2 of the natural length.

When moving, poodles carry their tail raised obliquely upward, and when at rest it is lowered. The forelegs are perfectly straight, parallel, with good bones and muscles. The paws are small, closed, forming a short oval. The pads are thick and hard. The hind limbs are set parallel, with well-developed distinct muscles and well-defined articulation angles. The poodle's movements are springy and light.

The skin is very elastic. In white poodles it should tend towards a silver color, while in others it should match the color. The coat is abundant, fine, fluffy in texture, should be well curled and resist pressure when pressed. Solid color: black, white, brown, gray, apricot and red.

The standard allows several exhibition haircuts - “Lion”, “Modern” and “English”. In some cases, dogs with a "Pappy" cut may be judged.

Description of the breed with photos

Coat type

Externally, the toy bears a close resemblance to a miniature poodle. The main differences between these varieties are height and weight.

The miniature poodle is larger: its height at the withers is from 28 to 35 centimeters, and it weighs from 4 to 6 kg. Its coat is less decorative. The health of a toy poodle is weaker than that of a toy poodle. Proneness to disease is a characteristic common to most small dogs.

Toy Poodle Miniature Poodle

Poodle health and diseases

The poodle is a fairly hardy and healthy dog, however, there are a number of diseases characteristic of this breed:

• Addison's disease (limited production of hormones by the adrenal gland), often resulting in gastric "disorder" and lethargy;
• bloating, requiring immediate attention to a veterinarian;
• optic nerve hypoplasia, which is dangerous because it can cause blindness or distorted perception of the environment by the eye;
• PRA - retinal atrophy, is a genetic disease;
• Cushing is a tumor, often malignant, the disease is characteristic mainly of older dogs;
• chronic active hepatitis - with this liver disease it is not possible to cure a dog, but the development of the disease can be stopped;
• hypothyroidism is a disease of the thyroid gland;
• deafness.

Small breed dogs often suffer from diseases. The toy poodle is most susceptible to several pathologies.

1. Fusion of the nasal passages. The defect is congenital. The dog has severe snoring and difficulty breathing. Treatment is surgical.
2. Pathologies of the cardiovascular system. To reduce the risk of disease, your pet should be protected from stress and not subjected to physical exertion.
3. Eye diseases. The most common group of diseases found in poodles of various varieties. Most often, dogs are diagnosed with conjunctivitis, cataracts, glaucoma, retinal atrophy, and entropion. Almost all diseases have a genetic predisposition, and their treatment is of little effectiveness. It is not uncommon for older poodles to have poor vision or become completely blind.
4. Epilepsy. It is usually diagnosed in puppies and can either progress or go into a state of stable remission throughout life. The pathology is hereditary in nature, which is mainly associated with the high nervous excitability of the animal.
5. Diabetes. The pancreas of all toy dogs is quite weak. Genetic predisposition plays the main role here. Eating disorders significantly increase the risk of developing the disease. Supportive therapy was adopted.
6. Diseases of the mouth. Toy poodles often suffer from gingivitis and ulcerative stomatitis as they age. The main causes of these diseases are poor nutrition and insufficient oral care. Regular tartar removal, a balanced diet and preventative visits to the veterinarian will help avoid problems.
7. Otitis. The disease is mainly related to the shape of the ears. Long and hanging, they do not allow the internal funnels to be fully ventilated, and if water gets into them, they prevent it from flowing out. The dog easily develops inflammation (purulent or non-purulent). The main preventative measure against otitis media is proper ear hygiene.
8. Urolithiasis disease. Metabolic disorders are common to all dwarf dogs. They cause the accumulation of salts and improper removal from the body, causing the appearance of stones in the kidneys, ureter and bladder.

Small breeds are highly susceptible to viral pathologies, which is why strict adherence to the vaccination schedule and the quarantine period after them is necessary. During the first 12 months of life, the puppy receives 3 vaccinations, then vaccinations are given once every year.

Despite its delicate health, the small poodle is a long-lived dog. If the owner follows all recommendations for keeping and feeding the pet, it can live up to 16 years. It is not uncommon for a dog, if it has not suffered from viral infections, to live for 18 years. To maintain health, older poodles require a more fortified diet, and they also need to visit the veterinarian regularly (at least once every 3 months).

Feeding your poodle with natural products

The main food is meat (beef) and meat products, which should make up approximately 2/3 of the diet.
Meat, fresh or frozen after thawing, is usually fed raw in the form of small pieces or minced meat. Its daily intake is from 30 to 400 grams, depending on the weight and age of the poodle. You can give salted meat, but it is first soaked in water, boiled and fed at half the daily dose. Meat by-products (legs, trimmings, heads) have slightly lower nutritional value, so their daily intake should be increased by 50-75%. They are given only boiled. Meat should be fed to the dog cut into pieces; minced meat is only suitable for puppies and a sick dog when medicine needs to be given. Part of the dog's need for animal protein can be covered by eggs. You can feed your poodle a hard-boiled and finely crushed egg 1-2 times a week.

Fish should be a desirable component of a poodle's diet. It is given 1-2 times a week, replacing meat. Sea fish is fed raw, freshwater fish is fed boiled. The fins and bones must first be removed. The daily norm is from 30 to 300 g. Puppies up to 3 months old are given only boiled fish, cleaned of scales and entrails.

Milk and dairy products (cottage cheese, kefir, etc.) are very valuable food products in terms of nutritional value, digestibility and digestibility, especially in the nutrition of puppies and lactating bitches. Milk and dairy products are usually fed raw. The daily milk intake can be 0.1-1 liters. Calcined cottage cheese is very useful. It is prepared as follows. Calcium chloride is poured into boiling milk (1 tablespoon per 0.5 l). After the milk has curdled, the cottage cheese is poured onto cheesecloth.

Of the plant foods, the most common in feeding a poodle is cereal (rolled oats, rice, millet, buckwheat). The poodle, like dogs of other breeds, does not readily eat pearl barley and barley. The cereal is boiled and fed in the form of semi-liquid porridge. You can give 100-500 g of cereal per day. Bread, crackers, and cakes (up to 300 g per day) are widely used in the poodle's diet. They can be added to milk or given in their natural form, usually after the main meal.

The main source of vitamins for a poodle are vegetables and fruits. It is very useful to feed fresh and sauerkraut, lettuce, carrots, tomatoes, beets, cucumbers, spinach, young nettles, young dandelion leaves, and any fruit. The daily norm is no more than 200-300 g. Cabbage, beets, spinach, lettuce, parsley, dill, celery are used raw, finely chopped or grated, usually as an additive to the main feed, and also boiled.

Young spring nettles are cut as finely as possible and doused with boiling water to neutralize their stinging fibers. It is very good to get your dog interested in vegetable salad seasoned with vegetable oil or sour cream, and give it to one of the meals. It is advisable for your poodle to love apples, berries and other fresh fruits. To enrich food with vitamins, you can use fish oil (1-2 teaspoons per day).

To prevent worms in dogs, it is recommended to give garlic, cut into small pieces and hidden in minced meat, once a week. For a miniature poodle, the dose is at the tip of a knife, for a small poodle - twice, and for a large poodle - three times more. Boiled pumpkin can be given as an anthelmintic.

To prevent the formation and removal of tartar in your dog, you can add crushed tomatoes or raw tomato juice without salt to your dog’s food three times a week. After regular consumption of tomato juice, old stones are very easily removed, and new ones do not form.

Minerals - calcium, sodium, phosphorus, etc. - are of great importance in a poodle's diet. The main source of minerals in a dog's diet are raw bones. Additionally, they give seaweed and flax seed, passed through a coffee grinder. If there is a lack of minerals in the dog’s body, bone meal, charcoal, yeast, and glycerophosphate are used as mineral supplements, 1-2 teaspoons per day.

Many dog ​​breeders themselves make a mineral mixture of the following composition: 40 tablets of calcium glycerophosphate, 40 tablets of calcium lactate, 10 tablets of phytin, 15 tablets of activated carbon. All this is carefully ground to a powder, mixed and stored in a dry place (before use, add 1/3 of a jar of brewer's yeast). The finished mixture is added daily to the food, ¼ - 2 ½ teaspoons.

A constant component in feeding a poodle is raw water. It should always be in a specially designated container in the same place, accessible to the dog at any time. The daily need for water is approximately 1.5 - 2 liters. However, when feeding dry food and hot weather, the need for water increases.

A poodle's need for food is determined taking into account body weight, age, age, gender, physiological state, and calorie content of food. It is necessary to create a complete diet, balanced in all food components. Products must be fresh and of high quality. Approximate daily rations for an adult poodle are given in the table. Using the table data and a little imagination, you can create a diet for your dog yourself.

Features of character and behavior

The Poodle is one of the smartest breeds in the world, ranking second after the Border Collie. She easily learns all lessons, understands commands and is easy to train. The dog is suitable for elderly and inactive people because it does not require frequent long walks. Representatives of the breed are aristocratic and reserved, but can show character. Their high level of intelligence makes them cunning and resourceful.

Advantages

The breed has a lot of advantages that rarely change from individual to individual:

1. Playfulness, friendliness and agreeableness;
2. High intelligence, efficiency, learning ability;
3. Devotion, affection, love for children;
4. Gracefulness, elegance, restraint;
5. Unobtrusiveness, understanding of the owner;
6. Dogs get along well with other pets;
7. They can become watchmen (they notify about the arrival of guests by barking).

Flaws

• The breed's shortcomings primarily include cunning and resourcefulness. Poodles can become unmanageable if they don't like something. In case of lack of attention, such cute dogs are capable of causing real mayhem, fully aware of it.
• A weak nervous system makes dogs unbalanced. Pets react poorly to loud noises, screaming, stomping, running children, and moving objects. They cannot tolerate quarrels in the family.
• Requires socialization. They can become aggressive towards strangers, although the dog is most often described as “timid” and “withdrawn.”
• They do not like loneliness and are not suitable for people with a busy work schedule and frequent changes of housing. Poodles need the constant attention of the owner and the public, he is an actor, and cannot live without it.

Character and intelligence

All poodles are highly intelligent, easy to train and can master complex tricks with interest. When living in a family, the dog quickly remembers the basic phrases of those around him and begins to understand not only commands, but also speech addressed to him.

Toy poodles have a cheerful and active character. They become very attached to their owners and require a lot of attention. These dogs do not tolerate loneliness well, which is why they cannot remain alone in an apartment for a long time without damaging their psyche. If your toy poodle is forced to be alone during the day, you should have a second pet (dog or cat) with whom he can communicate. Otherwise, you cannot have this breed.

Poodles willingly take part in children's games, but only if this does not cause them any unpleasant sensations. When children try to force a dog to communicate, it may display its hunting nature and use its teeth. Because of this, adults should explain to the child that the poodle is not a toy, but a full member of the family that should be taken into account.

The toy poodle behaves friendly with other pets and quickly finds a common language with them. He will willingly communicate not only with dogs close in size to him, but also with large ones, as well as cats.

The Toy Poodle is friendly towards strangers. He will willingly play with guests if they want it, but he will not impose himself. The pet is indifferent to passers-by on the streets: he does not try to get to know them and does not show aggression.

Care and maintenance

This breed is intended for apartment living only. It requires high-quality regular care and attention. First of all, you need to monitor the condition of the coat and mucous membranes. A dog is not suitable for those who have little time and financial resources.

Animals do not shed or emit odors. Even the largest Poodles do not take up much space. They are great for seniors or homebodies. The advantage is that you can choose any size variety.

Nutrition

The choice of food for a Poodle depends on several factors. Firstly, it is important what the puppy was fed in the kennel. Of course, it is better to stick to the same food, but if you plan to switch to another brand or natural feeding, then this should be done gradually, carefully monitoring the dog’s reaction.

The breed is not allergic, but is prone to rapid weight gain. To avoid this, you need to give your pet low-calorie food for medium-sized active breeds. Premium holistic holistic providers are best suited. Poor quality foods can cause digestive problems.

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Both dry and natural food have pros and cons. The main advantage of finished products is complexity and completeness. They contain all the substances necessary for the full development of the dog. In addition, they are easy to use and transport. Natural food is healthier and more familiar for dogs. It cannot do any harm if the menu is adjusted, and low-quality dry food is poorly digested and damages the animal’s liver.

If the owner opts for natural food, then the basis of the diet should be protein: lean meat, dairy products, sea fish and eggs. 30% of the menu – porridge and cereals. Rice and buckwheat groats cooked in milk and water are suitable. The dog needs vegetables and fruits, which need to be taught from puppyhood.

It is worth EXCLUDING the following foods from your diet:

1. Pork;
2. Butter;
3. Flour and confectionery products;
4. Bones;
5. Fatty, fried and smoked.

Clean water should be freely available. In the summer, the serving size is reduced and the drink increased. If the puppy does not drink on his own, you need to give him water from a pipette, spoon or syringe. Take a bottle of water for walks so that your pet doesn’t get thirsty.

Health

The breed has good health and strong immunity, but some Poodles are prone to diseases. In general, the average lifespan of dogs is 10-18 years, although smaller dogs tend to live longer. Studies have shown that 30% of Poodles die from cancer.

You can only keep a miniature poodle in an apartment. The possibility of free walking in the garden will help improve the health of the dog. Just because your pet can be litter box trained, like most toy breeds, doesn't mean it won't require walking. Every day the dog needs to be walked 2 times a day. The duration of the walk cannot be less than 1 hour.

Even a dog with a haircut should be combed once a day. They bathe the small poodle using a special shampoo for animals once every month and a half. Examination of teeth and oral cavity is carried out once a week. If damage is detected, a visit to the veterinarian is required. Nails are trimmed regularly as needed.

From the first day of life, a small poodle in the house should have its own bed, toys and dishes. For walks in rainy, damp weather, it is better to stock up on overalls.

What to feed your pet

When a miniature poodle is prone to allergies, ready-made hypoallergenic food is chosen for feeding it. In other cases, natural nutrition is preferable. It should be balanced, varied and always fresh. The water in the drinking bowl must always be unboiled and clean. It should be changed at least 2 times a day. The volume of the drinking bowl needs to be at least 500 ml.

The dog's diet should consist of ½ lean meat. It is pre-scalded, and for older dogs it is boiled. You also need cereals, mainly buckwheat, rice and oatmeal, cooked in water and seasoned with vegetable oil. Lean sea fish is given only boiled and no more than 2 times a week.

Vegetables, with the exception of potatoes and legumes, fresh or steamed are required daily. Fruits are given only as a treat and are not very sweet. Egg yolk (preferably from quail eggs) is included in the diet 2 times a week in small quantities. If the dog is intolerant of fermented milk products, cottage cheese, kefir or fermented baked milk are given to the dog no more than 2 times a week. Feeding frequency for puppies and adult poodles is the same as for other breeds.

We have collected another poodle here

In order for a poodle to always look healthy, well-groomed and neat, regular care of its magnificent thick coat is necessary. It is advisable to brush your dog daily, at least three times a week, since his growing fur does not fall out. To do this, you should purchase a special comb for combing a poodle and a massage brush.

You need to comb your dog, alternating movements along and against the fur. First, comb the hair on the body, then on the paws. If you do not follow this rule, the dog's hair will become matted, tangled, and tangles will form, which are very difficult to get rid of.

The poodle loves water very much, so bathing, which he needs quite often, does not cause him any inconvenience. The dog should be washed at least once or twice a month, using a special shampoo for long-haired dogs. Before the water procedure, the poodle needs to be thoroughly combed. If tangles have formed, they must be disassembled or carefully cut out with sharp miniature scissors. You should soap your dog and thoroughly rinse off the foam at least twice. Carelessly washed wool will certainly quickly mat again.

Another important element in caring for a poodle is systematic grooming. The elastic and springy coat of this dog is the basis of its decorative properties. When you press the fur with your palm, resistance is felt, and it almost instantly restores its original shape. This feature allows you to model a variety of hairstyles, the number of which no dog can compare with a poodle.

Royal Poodle vs. Toy Poodle

Grooming of the body and limbs should be done once every three months, and it is advisable to entrust it to an experienced groomer. In order to learn how to cut a poodle haircut yourself, reading the manual will not be enough; it is better to take practical lessons from a master, ideally, take specialized courses. But everyone can do a hygienic haircut.

An energetic poodle needs exercise. If he sits inside four walls, he will certainly get in the way, inviting his owners to play. You need to walk him at least three times a day; it is advisable that at least one walk is long, and the dog has the opportunity to run around without a leash.

The poodle can be fed both natural food and prepared food. Meat products should make up about a third of the diet. Give preference to beef (preferably not frozen), chicken and beef liver; tripe is very healthy. Some of the meat can be boiled. Use oatmeal, rice, buckwheat, and millet as the basis for porridges.

You need to cook porridge in water, not in meat broth. It is acceptable to treat your pet with pasta, but in minimal quantities. Eggs can be given no more than twice a week. Feed your dog cottage cheese at the same frequency. If he does not want to eat a raw product, offer him cheesecakes. Periodically add vegetables to your diet, perhaps in the form of a salad dressed with vegetable oil or sour cream.

Buy dry food, canned food, natural food supplements in specialized stores, giving preference to premium products.

Two-month-old poodles are fed 3-4 times a day, six-month-olds - no more than three. After the dog is 8 months old, it is transferred to two meals a day.

Maintenance, care, health

The good thing about a poodle as a pet is that it doesn’t shed and doesn’t smell like a dog, so it doesn’t cause allergies.

Ideal for keeping in an apartment. But it will get along well in the house. The only difficulty in keeping any poodle is caring for its hair, especially if you give your pet different exotic hairstyles.

If you are more traditional, caring for a poodle will not be difficult. Brush your dog daily, bathe it as needed, but at least once a month, and don’t forget to clean its ears and trim its nails in winter.

With proper nutrition and care, the poodle has excellent health and can live from 12 to 18 years. The average life expectancy of this smart handsome man is about 16 years.

Key points in training

Due to their high natural intelligence, poodles quickly learn commands, and there are no difficulties with their upbringing and training. It is recommended to train the puppy in a playful way with classes lasting no more than 15 minutes. You can repeat lessons only several times a day. The dog's nervous system is highly sensitive, and it is unacceptable to apply harsh training and punishment to it. For each action performed, the pet should be rewarded with a treat.

First of all, your pet needs to be trained to follow the commands “come” and “fu”, as they are necessary during walks.

Some owners are of the opinion that a toy poodle dog does not need training. This belief is erroneous, since during a walk a pet can pick up and eat something harmful, and if it gets carried away with its own business, it may not immediately return to its owner and get lost. Also, lack of education leads to problems when traveling and when visiting the veterinarian.

This breed is considered one of the most capable. Its representatives can often be found in the circus arena and in show programs. Poodles quickly remember commands and strive to carry them out. They enjoy being trained and serving their owner.

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You need to start training a dog from 3-4 months, but educate it from early childhood. The puppy must understand the hierarchy in the family and learn to listen to all members of the household. He will get used to his name and routine by 2-3 months. Then you can study the commands.

To show human dominance, you need to accustom your pet to several rules:

• Firstly, he receives food after the whole family has eaten.
• Secondly, the master's bed and furniture are taboo.
• Thirdly, the dog is the last one to enter the house.
• Finally, all attempts at begging are stopped.

Rude behavior is not acceptable. You cannot hit the dog, mock him, shout or swear. The worst punishment for a dog is an insult from the owner. Enough with a stern look, deprivation of treats and unsharp twitching. It is best to use a motivational method of education and game forms of training.

Poodles do well on agility courses. This kind of sport can help a person and a dog understand each other better and learn to listen. The pet will become more reserved and serious. You should not neglect the socialization of the puppy. It is worth periodically organizing walks in crowded places and introducing him to other animals.

The poodle's innate character traits, such as intelligence, obedience and imitation, as well as its inherent sense of shame, make the learning and training process almost problem-free. These dogs remember commands very quickly; they just need to explain or show them a couple of times what and how to do, and they will remember the lesson forever.

Poodle puppies are playful, like children, so training should take place in the form of a game, where the owner acts as a partner and comrade. The dog begins to perceive human life as a game, and tries to imitate people: he puts his toys in a box, brings the necessary things. Growing up, the poodle literally becomes humanized, begins to take an active part in family economic affairs, and shares the hobbies of its owners.

Royal black poodles

You should not yell at or punish a poodle. In fact, he himself rarely gives a reason for this. If, nevertheless, the dog “got into trouble,” the explanation of his mistake should not be in an overly edifying and tedious manner. You need to shame your pet briefly and convincingly at the right moment and in the right place so that he understands what is at stake.

The poodle is a thinking dog, and this quality needs to be developed and encouraged: communicate with him a lot, talk, explain your actions, talk about what you expect from him.

A poorly trained dog, who does not know what subordination is, will most likely imagine himself as the head of the family and will demonstrate disobedience. This is especially true for miniature and toy poodles.

Dwarf with a toy duck

Mating

Mating can be tribal or informal. In order for the puppies to have status and pedigree, you need to contact the nursery for a certificate for mating. A special form is filled out by the owners of the bitch and dog. The price for mating is set by the boy's owner. Usually it is 30% of the cost of puppies or one puppy. If the girl turns out to be empty, the mating is not paid for.

To determine the date, you need to monitor the female's cycles. The first heat usually begins at 8-10 months, but this period is considered too early. The best time for mating is 13-15 days of the third estrus: when the loop becomes loose and the discharge is light.

Standard Poodles are large dogs that need a lot of space. The dogs are usually walked together and brought into the territory of the male dog. For the solution (the first time), you can invite a specialist who will help pets and owners understand the procedure. Usually the animals are helped: they are held and directed towards each other. The act will last no more than 10 minutes. In the absence of a lock, the female may be complete, but it is better to re-mate after 48 hours.

Color variations and appearance

There is a huge variety of their colors and appearance. Much is determined by the purebred and variety of the breed.

Dimensions

Each variety has its own dimensions. For example, standard poodles are large dogs, their height can reach 60 cm. But the harlequin will be only 10-15 cm high. The remaining miniature varieties usually do not reach 20 cm.

Wool

The regular poodle has curly hair. In more decorative varieties it may be wavy.

Attention! But some “special” ones have the same coat as lap dogs – soft, long and with light curls.

But in any case, the coat is always thick, soft and uniform (of the same length in all areas).

Color

The color may also be different. But the most common ones are:

• apricot poodle;
• pink poodle;
• gray poodle;
• tan.

Representatives with common types of color
But the most common are black and white colors.

Pros and cons of the breed

When deciding whether to adopt a toy poodle, you should very carefully evaluate all the pros and cons of the breed, the traits and character traits of the animal that are significant in a particular case.

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