Historical reference
The black terrier was bred at the military dog breeding school near Moscow on the basis of the Krasnaya Zvezda breeding kennel.
The order for it came from I.V. Stalin shortly after the end of the Great Patriotic War - in the harsh climate of the country it was not always possible to use European breeds. The goal of the nursery was to:
- get a large, brave, strong, controllable dog with a pronounced protective instinct;
- a dog suitable for performing various types of services , adapted to different climatic conditions.
Soviet Russia needed its own dog, ready for hard service, and it appeared.
In order to develop a breed fully adapted to harsh and varied conditions, it was necessary to carry out lengthy interbreedings. The Black Terrier was obtained from numerous crossings of dogs of such breeds as the Airedale Terrier, Newfoundland, and Giant Schnauzer.
As a result of painstaking work, by 1981 it was decided that the black terrier breed had been created and it was time to establish it as a standard. The standard was finally adopted in 1983, and in 2010 its new edition appeared.
Choosing a puppy
Before choosing what gender of puppy you want to purchase, honestly decide for yourself how much time and effort you are willing to devote to raising and training your baby. A male dog will require maximum of your attention and tenacity of character, otherwise he simply will not listen to you. Bitches are by nature more obedient and less stubborn, her upbringing is easier, but this does not mean that you can let things take their course with her.
If the puppy confidently makes contact with people and gets along well with other puppies, and also does not show aggression, this is a signal that the puppy is mentally balanced and there will be no problems with him in adulthood. You can also choose puppies based on external characteristics, for example, if his coat is smooth and shiny, this is also a good sign. Also, a good sign is a normal appetite, moderate activity and curiosity.
The defects of the breed are: timidity, light eyes, nose, spots on the coat, tilt of the tail at the back.
It is better to buy small puppies that have reached the age of two months.
Description of the breed
FCI Standard No. 327 dated October 13, 2010, Group 2 “Pinchers and Schnauzers – Great Danes and Swiss Mountain Cattle Dogs.” Section 1 “Pinchers and Schnauzers”.
Standard height at withers:
- males - 72-76 cm, but not less than 70 cm and not more than 78 cm.
- females - 68-72 cm, but not less than 66 cm and not more than 74 cm.
Higher growth is allowed provided that the proportions and correct breed type are maintained.
Weight: males – 50-60 kg, females – 45–50 kg.
The standard imposes the following requirements for the exterior:
- The body is massive, proportionally built.
- The chest is wide and deep, the ribs are convex. The withers are well defined. The back is straight, muscular, the loin is short, slightly convex, the croup is long and wide.
- The head is elongated, widened in the area of the brain part of the skull. A mustache and beard are required. The nose is large and dark, the gums are dark.
- The neck is massive, long, and muscular.
- The ears are drooping, but carried high. The standard ear shape is a triangle.
- The eyes are oval and widely set. The eyelids are dry and tight fitting.
- Has 42 teeth. The bite is scissor-shaped, the incisors are located on the same line.
- The tail is docked at the level of the third vertebra.
- The legs are straight and parallel. The shoulder blades are long and set at right angles. The shoulders are parallel and vertical.
- The paws are rounded, the claws are dark.
- The coat is coarse with a soft undercoat. There is decorative hair that forms the beard and mustache.
- The only color allowed is black with a little graying.
Dogs of this breed are good runners, making long jumps.
The usual gait is trot and gallop. When running, the paws are placed straight, the joints extend freely.
Character, abilities, skills
The breed was bred specifically for guard duty. The task of the black terrier is to protect the territory and objects located on it from the penetration of a stranger. Such dogs “keep the circle”, that is, they do not allow people to cross a certain line.
These properties make it possible to use black terriers as bodyguards. A properly trained dog will guard its owners and their children with restraint, but strictly.
At a young age, these dogs have a cheerful and lively disposition. At the same time , they are famous for their fearlessness, independence and confidence.
At a more mature age, black terriers become sedate, which does not affect their working qualities.
Until old age they will be faithful watchmen and bodyguards.
Puppies of all large breeds mature late. The black terrier is no exception. Puppies should be obedience trained until they are one year old. After a year, you can begin guard training. With proper training, a good service dog will be ready by the age of two.
Only this smart and even intelligent dog cannot be kept on a chain. However, such captivity is harmful to any dog. Chain dogs are always people with a damaged psyche.
Key points in training
“Germans” are incredibly smart and always want to please their owner; the training process does not bring much trouble. German Shepherds enjoy exercising, especially if the training is done through positive reinforcement.
Training is necessary, otherwise the pet’s irrepressible energy will go in the wrong direction. The main obstacle to training can be the dog's hyperactivity, which interferes with concentration. Team training should begin after a walk, so that natural needs do not distract the pet from training.
Read about how to properly train a dog in the article: “Training a puppy: effective methods from dog handlers, learning commands at home.”
Maintenance and care
The black terrier is well adapted to living in a city apartment. Despite the fact that this dog is large and shaggy, there is little dirt or inconvenience from it.
The fact is that with proper care of a dog's fur coat, the dirtiness of the apartment can be minimized. To do this, you will have to constantly comb out the thick undercoat.
It is necessary to bathe a dog only if it lives in the same house as a person. This should be done as needed, but not more than once a month.
Frequent bathing demoralizes the dog, because it loses its natural scent.
Large breed dogs rarely eat as adults. Usually once a day is enough. The healthiest diet consists of a combination of porridges from various grains with meat and sea fish.
The biggest problem in this case is that dogs need to be periodically fed raw and even slightly rotten meat. After all, by their nature they are not so much predators as scavengers.
In this case, there is a danger of infection with helminths.
Pros and cons, price
The advantage of black terriers is the combination of excellent working qualities of a dedicated guard with patience and tact.
The disadvantages include the need for constant grooming. In addition, with any care, you will find dog hair in any corner of your apartment.
You can buy a black terrier puppy for a price ranging from 25 to 50 thousand rubles. The cost depends on:
- region;
- puppy age;
- pedigree;
- breeder's pricing policy, etc.
The Black Russian Terrier is a wonderful breed, but it is not suitable for all purposes. These black giants cannot be just dogs. They need to work, but work can be replaced by long walks.
Additionally, check out a short video about the Black Russian Terrier breed:
Black Terrier is Beria's dog. Or Stalin
In 1984, the FCI, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, officially recognized and registered a new breed, the Black Russian Terrier. In the USSR, as a breed itself, it was registered in 1981. Until this time, it was considered a “breed group”. This breed group “Black Terrier” was first demonstrated to the public at the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in 1955.
How did this dog appear?
After the Great Patriotic War, it became clear that the losses of service dogs during hostilities were enormous, and the country was sorely lacking in “special” dogs. But there was no universal dog, a “universal soldier” who could perform any type of service, both in wartime and in peacetime. And then at the highest level a decision was made - to create a breed of dogs with the following requirements for it.
Qualities of the future breed
The future dog should have been:
- large
- intellectual
- easy to learn
- unpretentious
- cold-resistant (use in the Far North)
- long-haired but non-shedding (minimal grooming)
- self-possessed, calm (strong nervous system)
- hardy and efficient
- contact and devoted to the person
- angry and distrustful of strangers
- inconspicuous, non-variegated color
How can such a breed be created? The task was not easy, since there are mutually exclusive qualities here. The Krasnaya Zvezda nursery was entrusted with the task of breeding a new breed. Initially, they tried to cross a German shepherd with a husky, but nothing good came of it. It became clear that we would have to tinker, since to solve this problem it would be necessary to use “interbreed (multiple) crossing in different combinations.”
The following dog breeds were involved in the development of the new breed: Airedale Terrier, Rottweiler, Poodle, Laika, German Shepherd, Caucasian Shepherd, South Russian Shepherd, Newfoundland, Giant Schnauzer, Great Dane, Hound and Doberman. But, in the end, the fundamental breeds were: Airedale Terrier, Rottweiler and Giant Schnauzer
.
As a result of this crossbreeding, the pride of our selection appeared - “Black Pearl” or “Blackie”. The ancestor of the breed was recognized as a Giant Schnauzer named Roy - he produced large, woolly and black puppies with enviable consistency.
From the beginning of the 50s, the breed was polished and honed right up to 1984, when it was officially recognized at the International Assembly in Mexico City.
What happened in the end?
Qualities of the Black Russian Terrier
Nowadays, you can rarely meet a Black Russian Terrier on the street. But in vain. The dog is truly unique. So what makes it unique?
The result is a dog that combines incompatible qualities. Firstly
, the discrepancy between the name of the breed and the blood of the dog itself - the dog is called a terrier, but in fact, it’s not even a terrier at all! The breed belongs, according to all classifications, to mastiffs (Molossians).
Well, and secondly
, and this is the most important thing - a SUCCESSFUL combination of everything conceived by the developers of this breed: size (a male can be taller than a standard desk and can reach the windowsill), viciousness, amazing endurance and health of the dog, that is, its service and guard qualities (can knock down with one push a strong man), with complete peacefulness and playfulness.
These are not the moronic and thick-headed breeds of bull terriers, pit bulls, Staffordshire terriers and the like, these killers of all living things, and even small children. This is a guardian and a good friend rolled into one.
Do you know that, having absolutely recognized this breed, the entire West with its therapeutic associations uses it for its medical purposes: to help patients with cerebral palsy, ADHD, for recovery after a stroke, for the socialization of people (including children) with autism. This is both a security guard and a canis therapist in one bottle.
But don't try to make him a watchdog. Do not put him on a chain in your country cottage. He needs movement, space and your love. And his devotion won’t matter.
After all, Chernysh, when attacking, not only grabs, but bites hard. There is a huge difference between these terms. Just grabbing is one thing, but biting involves penetration, rotation, and tearing. At the moment of attack, this dog is aimed at the legs, groin, and stomach. It’s not for nothing that this dog is also called “Black Death”.
Russian Black Terrier
Health
Character
Activity
Tendency to train
Security and guard qualities
Attitude towards children
The Black Russian Terrier breed can justifiably be called unique. These large dogs amazingly combine strength, endurance with friendliness and playfulness.
Content:
Representatives of the breed are unpretentious, easy to train, they adore children and are ready to play with them for days. Owners and admirers of this species claim that the black terrier is a man in the guise of a dog. All because of high intelligence, high mental abilities and emotionality.
Putting a Black Russian Terrier on a chain and leaving it alone is a crime. Such a pet needs to constantly communicate with the owner and the rest of the family. A properly raised, trained dog will become a reliable protector, faithful companion and friend.
Other names: black terrier, RCT, Stalin's dog
How to choose a puppy
It is best to take a puppy from a nursery or from serious breeders, where you can see both parents at once. You can adopt your pet as early as two months. Ask to provide documents for adult dogs, as well as their certificates and awards, especially if you are planning future visits to exhibitions with your pet.
As a rule, Black Russian Terrier puppies, which are more suitable for this, that is, show class, are considered the most expensive in the litter. By buying a dog in such places, you will receive qualified support in many matters for a long time.
The conditions in which dogs are kept play an important role. Cleanliness and dryness of the premises are the main factor in the proper maintenance of pets. Babies should be strong, well-fed and active, with clear eyes and a moist nose. There may be exceptions if the puppies have recently woken up. The coat should have a healthy shine and be free of bald spots.
When picking up your baby, you should be given a puppy card and a veterinary passport with the date of vaccinations and a note about anthelmintic measures. Do not forget to ask what the puppies were fed, since in the next few days it is not advisable to suddenly change the dog’s usual diet, but do it gradually.
History of the breed
The homeland of the black terrier is the Soviet Union. This breed was created by order of the state government. The Krasnaya Zvezda nursery was assigned to fulfill the order. The government led by Stalin set out specific requirements regarding the characteristics of the new type. RCT must have:
- Long, thick coat - for frost resistance.
- Long, muscular legs - for fast running and wide jumps.
- Wide paws - allowing you to move through the snow without falling through.
- Aggressiveness, fearlessness, powerful jaws, enormous physical strength - for excellent security qualities.
Work on the new breed began in 1949. Breeders crossed many species. The genes of the Giant Schnauzer, Newfoundland, East European Shepherd, Caucasian Shepherd, Great Dane, Rottweiler, St. Bernard, and Airedale Terrier were used.
As a result, several breed lines were formed. According to the requirements of the state order, the Red Star dog handlers chose the most suitable option, where the main ancestor was the Giant Schnauzer. He was joined by the genes of the Newfoundland, Rottweiler and Airedale Terrier.
The result of the work satisfied the government. The Black Russian Terrier met all the stated characteristics.
8 years after the start of work on the breed, its representatives were presented at an exhibition of service dogs in the capital of the USSR in the number of 43 individuals. By the end of the seventies of the twentieth century, there were more than 4,000 purebred RCTs.
The eighties brought the Russian terrier worldwide fame and popularity. These dogs took part in international shows and competed in various sports competitions. They enjoyed success everywhere thanks to their beautiful exterior, mental abilities, and physical characteristics.
In the fall of 1983, the ChRT was officially recognized by the FCI as an independent breed.
In the modern world, the black terrier is mostly kept as a companion, a pet, and a family protector. But besides this, CRT is still used by organizations and services as watchdogs.
History of the origin of the species
Purposeful selection of German shepherds began in 1884, although four-legged shepherds similar to modern “Germans” appeared in northern Germany much earlier. The “father” of the breed was Max Von Stefanitz; he was the first breeder, thanks to whom the whole world saw an intelligent, beautiful and courageous animal.
Black puppies in the litter were discarded for a long time; only black and white dogs were bred. Only in 1906 did the first completely black specimen appear at the exhibition.
During the Second World War, the breed was actively used in the canine units of the German troops, thanks to which black shepherd dogs appeared in the vast expanses of the Soviet state. But massive military operations almost led to the complete destruction of the breed. In the post-war period, the livestock had to be restored bit by bit.
In recent years, the German Shepherd has become one of the most popular breeds due to its versatility. There are still few representatives of the black color - no more than 4% of the total livestock.
Breed standard
The Black Russian Terrier is a large breed of dog. He has a strong, athletic build of a rough type. He has well-developed muscles. Bitches are inferior to males in both height and weight.
The height of adult individuals is 70-78 cm , weight is about 52-60 kg .
On a massive neck rests an equally massive, elongated head. The ears are drooping and triangular.
Dark, oval-shaped eyes, not too large, set wide apart. The eyelids are black, not droopy, dry.
The bridge of the nose is straight, the nose is large with well-opened nostrils. The muzzle is decorated with the lush mustache, beard and eyebrows characteristic of all terriers.
The cheekbones are round. The jaws are powerful. The teeth are large and have a scissor bite.
The physique is powerful and muscular. The back line is straight, the loin is strong. The chest is deep. The ribs are convex.
The tail is thick, saber- or crescent-shaped. Set on high. Cupping is allowed (at the third vertebra).
Legs are straight and parallel. The paws are wide and rounded, which allows the RCT to move freely in the snow. The claws are dark.
The walk is a typical gait, a sweeping trot. Jumps are long, due to the powerful hind limbs.
The coat is thick and hard to the touch. Length is about 6-14 cm. The guard hair is straight, slight waviness is allowed. There is a soft undercoat.
The color is black, with minor inclusions of gray allowed.
Maintenance and care
Keeping a black terrier on a chain or in an enclosure is not recommended. This is a very sociable dog and needs to be around family members. If it is not possible to place an RCT in the house, install a fence around the perimeter of the yard, install a warm, large booth and ensure frequent contact with the pet.
It is unacceptable to leave him alone for a long time, as the terrier can eventually become aggressive, angry and irritable.
Keeping a Russian Terrier in an apartment has its own difficulties. This dog does not bark often, but he snores loudly in his sleep. Representatives of the breed are also not known for their neatness. After eating, food residue remains on the beard and mustache.
You need to immediately wipe the dog’s face with a towel; if he manages to shake himself off a couple of times, then you have to wipe the walls too. Such inconveniences are completely compensated by the terrier’s devotion.
Daily walks are vital for RCT. Two walks per day are recommended, each lasting at least an hour. Please keep in mind that Stalin’s dog requires active training, training for at least half an hour a day.
In general, caring for a Black Russian Terrier is not very difficult. Luxurious wool takes the most time. The main thing is to carry out all the procedures outlined below on time and in good faith:
- We comb the fur 2-3 times a week.
- A trimmer is required, the first procedure is carried out when the puppy is 6 months old.
- Grooming. The haircut should emphasize the strength and power of the Russian Terrier. Excessive decorativeness is not encouraged. The longest hair is usually left on the legs and face.
- Terriers do not like bathing too much, but this procedure is necessary. We bathe our pet about once a month, without overusing detergents. After each walk, wipe the coat with a damp towel and wash the paws.
- Brushing teeth twice a week. You will need a special paste. It is also important that the terrier's diet includes solid food or bones from natural veins in the form of treats. These treats prevent the formation of tartar.
- We trim the claws with a nail clipper designed for large breeds as they grow. This procedure is carried out approximately six times a year.
- We regularly trim the fur between the toes. After each walk, we inspect the paw pads for injuries or splinters.
- We examine the eyes and ears regularly. We carefully clean the ears once a week using special products.
Mating - how to get black puppies
In German Shepherds, a recessive gene is responsible for the black color, so you can only get a 100% litter of black puppies from black homozygous parents. Which is impossible in everyday conditions, since without laboratory tests it is impossible to find out whether the parents are homozygous or heterozygous.
Even completely black representatives of the breed usually give birth to zonal or black-backed puppies, since these colors are dominant over black in the breed. Gametes from black heterozygotes produce saddle and zonular colors with a higher probability than black. Simply put, black parents may have only 1 or 2 raven-colored puppies in their litter.
Professional breeders, aimed at breeding all-black shepherd dogs, arrive at the desired litters only after 4 – 5 generations of crossbreeding. Often resorting to inbreeding, breeding black German shepherds is not recommended for beginners.
Read a detailed article on the topic: “Everything you need to know about breeding dogs: appropriate age, what to do if it doesn’t work out, rules and tips.”
Health
Fulfilling the state order to create the Black Russian Terrier breed, dog breeders had to get a dog that was not predisposed to most diseases. The task was completed, RCT very rarely gets sick, easily tolerates significant temperature changes, and is not susceptible to diseases. He is not afraid of colds and various types of viruses.
Stalin's dog is in good health and has a strong immune defense. Representatives of the breed live on average up to 10-15 years.
A common problem for all terriers is a fungus that affects the mustache and beard. In addition, it is worth noting several other health problems that are sometimes observed in RCT:
- Joint dysplasia – the dog feels severe pain, cannot move freely, and limps. With severe neglect of the disease, complete immobility is possible.
- Juvenile laryngeal paralysis is caused by a mutation inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
- Hyperuricosuria is the accumulation of uric acid salts and the formation of stones.
- Otitis - can affect one or both ears at once; inflammation causes purulent discharge, redness and an unpleasant odor from the ears.
- Entropion, ectropion cannot be treated; surgery is required to eliminate it.
Possible health problems
One of the requirements for the breed concerned its health. Therefore, breeders made sure that black terriers were strong, had strong immunity and were not susceptible to hereditary diseases.
But, like all large dogs, blackies sometimes suffer from hip and elbow dysplasia. Diseases of the ears (due to low air supply) and eyes (due to long eyebrows) may also occur. Do not ignore vaccinations, as well as deworming medications.
Character
The Black Russian Terrier is confident in its abilities in any situation, it is full of dignity, behaves appropriately and calmly. If the situation requires it, when danger or threat arises, the RCT instantly turns into a strict protector, a security guard. He takes an active defensive position, fearlessly ready to repel the attack of any enemy.
The Russian Terrier is intelligent and friendly. He is endlessly devoted to his owner and all family members. Only next to a person is such a dog able to fully develop, both mentally and physically.
Loneliness is unbearable for a terrier. It is impossible to leave such a pet without attention for a long time. A devoted dog can follow its owner all day long, simply enjoying his company.
For children, the black terrier is a faithful friend and play partner. Females show special maternal care to their babies; under such protection the child is safe. Parents must ensure that the dog does not accidentally harm the children with its large dimensions while playing.
Interestingly, representatives of the breed always strive to be closer to the child. If possible, the terrier will even sleep in the children's room, protecting the babies' sleep.
He gets along well with other pets and does not start fights. Conflicts can arise between male dogs.
He treats strangers and house guests coldly, with distrust and hidden aggression. If he notices a threat from them, aggression will immediately manifest itself. The CRT acts instantly, calmly, without warning, and often makes decisions independently. Barks rarely, only in extreme situations.
The Black Russian Terrier requires serious education and training. Without this, he can become an uncontrollable, aggressive and dangerous animal.
Training and education
The black terrier is smart and quick-witted, he has an excellent memory. That is why training such a dog is not difficult, nor is it difficult to control its actions.
The stubbornness and independent disposition of the ChRT interfere with ideal training. The leadership abilities and strong-willed character of the owner will help to cope with this. He must establish contact with the pet, establish a trusting relationship and show that he is the undisputed leader, the “leader”.
If you do not have experience raising large guard dogs, it is recommended to contact a dog trainer. Under his leadership it will be possible to raise an adequate, controllable guard terrier.
Aggression should not be developed in representatives of the breed. These are already aggressive dogs, it is important to keep them under control.
Lessons should be interesting, varied, and at some points, conduct them in a playful way.
Interesting Facts
- The Black Russian Terrier was bred on the orders of Joseph Stalin himself.
- RCT combines the best qualities of more than 15 different types of dogs.
- The Russian postage stamp (2015) shows a black terrier.
- RCT is suitable for use as a security guard in extremely cold climatic zones of Russia.
- The reaction of the black terrier is so lightning fast that it surpasses even the reaction of a cat.
- RCT is the ideal traveler's companion. This dog adapts perfectly to any climate, quickly adapting to new conditions.
- The terrier usually thinks about the execution of a new command, and then carries it out.
Features of feeding and diet
The blackie is recommended to eat natural food or balanced dry food. The natural menu should contain lean meat, fish, dairy products, vegetables and fruits in sufficient quantities. The amount of food should be normalized, which will prevent the animal from becoming overweight.
When feeding your Black Russian Terrier dry food, it is important to adhere to the following rules:
- you should choose food according to the weight and age of the dog;
- It is better to feed one type of food and not mix different types;
- Do not mix soft food and dry food;
- The animal must have clean and fresh water in the required quantity.
It is forbidden to give the dog chocolate, sweets, fatty meat, smoked, salty and spicy foods, river fish, and long tubular bones. Such products can disrupt digestion and cause an allergic reaction.
Pros and cons of the breed
The modern Russian Terrier is still used as a guard dog and watchman. Only the majority of representatives of the breed perform their duties in families, and not at military or government facilities.
The Black Terrier is a serious, strong dog with a fairly high level of aggression. If you are not sure that you can raise her properly and provide her with the required living conditions, do not rush to buy a puppy. First, familiarize yourself with the main advantages and disadvantages of the breed, then make a decision.
Advantages:
1. Beautiful exterior. 2. Endurance, strength. 3. Devotion. 4. Excellent guard qualities. 5. Gets along great with children. 6. Tolerates both cold and heat normally. 7. Good health.
Flaws:
1. Stubbornness, willfulness. 2. Requires a lot of attention and cannot stand loneliness. 3. High level of aggression, requires strict control. 4. Daily physical and mental activity is needed.
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Features of character and behavior
The Black Russian Terrier has a very calm, confident and safe character. He is extremely friendly and outgoing towards his family, but is aloof and distrustful of strangers due to his natural protective instinct. This breed is very good with children and is very trainable. Black Terriers do not suffer from separation anxiety, making them an ideal watchdog.
Black Russian Terriers form strong bonds with their owners and always try to please them. However, for proper training, it is necessary to indicate to the dog who is dominant in the house. This breed is very energetic and is well suited for people with an active lifestyle. In addition, they are well suited for guarding the house and hunting wild animals. At the same time, they do not conflict and do not behave aggressively towards other pets.
Black Russian Terriers are very playful, so they need long walks.
Advantages
The main advantages of this breed include:
- Strong and robust physique;
- Big sizes;
- Harmonious physique;
- Good health;
- Easy to care for;
- Mind;
- Lack of aggression towards children and other pets;
- Wary of strangers;
- Adaptability to heat or cold;
- No seasonal shedding.
Flaws
Along with the advantages, there are also disadvantages, which include:
- The coat requires constant trimming and combing;
- Puppies under 1 year of age require careful and strict training;
- Not suitable for beginners;
- An adult dog needs long and hard training.
